ReviewJournal of diabetes science and technology2024
Update on Measuring Ketones.
Review in Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Mitigating Diabetic Ketoacidosis in People With T1D and Chronic Kidney Disease on an SGLT1&2 Inhibitor: Ketosis Risk Factor Determination and Incorporation Into an Enhanced Glucose Ketone Report
Nutritional Ketosis as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy to Stabilize Chronic Aortic Dissection in Marfan Syndrome
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long-term effects of adding an SGLT-2 inhibitor to insulin therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes. An observational study and systematic review of real-world evidence.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Pooled it
- Metabolic signature of short-term low energy availability.Physiological reports · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Article
- Detecting and subtyping ketoacidosis from metabolomic patterns in forensic casework.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Isopropanol toxicity.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2026Article
- SGLT2 Inhibitor-Associated Changes in Urinary Volatile Organic Compounds in Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Comprehensive Study.Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2026Article
- Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Clinical Suspicion and Diagnosis.Clinical medicine insights. Endocrinology and diabetes · 2026Review
- Hepatic mitochondrial signaling as a systemic hub: inter-organ communication networks in aging and aging-related diseases.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: The Impact of the Ketogenic Diet-A Narrative Literature Review.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Glycemic Management in Adults With Diabetes During Illness.Clinical diabetes : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2025Article
- Exploring the effect of valproic acid levels on patients with epilepsy treated with ketogenic diet: An observational study.Epilepsia open · 2025Observational
- Investigation of the differences in volatile organic compounds of sesame oil under different processing methods using GC-IMS and electronic nose.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- The role of β-hydroxybutyrate testing in ketogenic metabolic therapies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Diabetic Ketoacidosis as an Effect of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor: Real World Insights.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2024Article
- Hyperglycemic Crises in Adults With Diabetes: A Consensus Report.Diabetes care · 2024Review
- Hyperglycaemic crises in adults with diabetes: a consensus report.Diabetologia · 2024Article
- Innovations and applications of ketone body monitoring in diabetes care.Diabetology international · 2024Review
- From Sweet to Sour: SGLT-2-Inhibitor-Induced Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Ketone bodies are an energy substrate produced by the liver and used during states of low carbohydrate availability, such as fasting or prolonged exercise. High ketone concentrations can be present with insulin insufficiency and are a key finding in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). During states of insulin deficiency, lipolysis increases and a flood of circulating free fatty acids is converted in the liver into ketone bodies-mainly beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate. During DKA, beta-hydroxybutyrate is the predominant ketone in blood. As DKA resolves, beta-hydroxybutyrate is oxidized to acetoacetate, which is the predominant ketone in the urine. Because of this lag, a urine ketone test might be increasing even as DKA is resolving. Point-of-care tests are available for self-testing of blood ketones and urine ketones through measurement of beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate and are cleared by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Acetone forms through spontaneous decarboxylation of acetoacetate and can be measured in exhaled breath, but currently no device is FDA-cleared for this purpose. Recently, technology has been announced for measuring beta-hydroxybutyrate in interstitial fluid. Measurement of ketones can be helpful to assess compliance with low carbohydrate diets; assessment of acidosis associated with alcohol use, in conjunction with SGLT2 inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, both of which can increase the risk of DKA; and to identify DKA due to insulin deficiency. This article reviews the challenges and shortcomings of ketone testing in diabetes treatment and summarizes emerging trends in the measurement of ketones in the blood, urine, breath, and interstitial fluid.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.