ArticleNature communications2023
Antigen footprint governs activation of the B cell receptor.
Article in Nature communications, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Full reach at arm's length.Biophysical journal · 2026Article
- Application and Research Progress of Self-Assembling Protein Nanoparticles in Vaccine Development.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- High affinity is insufficient for strong B cell activation by HIV broadly neutralising antibodies.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy of Membrane Proteins using Single-Antibody Labeling.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2026Article
- Molecular mechanisms for direct sensing of virus-like antigens by B cells.International immunology · 2026Review
- Preclinical development of a cross-protective β-SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particle vaccine adjuvanted with MF59.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Single-Molecule and Super-Resolution Techniques for Investigating Protein Organizations and Biological Functions of Immune Cells.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- B cell receptor signaling in autoimmune rheumatic diseases: regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic targeting.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Display of clustered antigen by follicular dendritic cells tunes B-cell receptor activation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Fine-tuned protein language model identifies antigen-specific B cell receptors from immune repertoires.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- The cytoskeletal control of B cell receptor and integrin signaling in normal B cells and chronic lymphocytic leukemia.FEBS letters · 2025Review
- Immunoglobulin divalence promotes B-cell antigen receptor cluster scale-dependent functions.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Article
- Associations between HLA-II variation and antibody specificity are predicted by antigen properties.Genome medicine · 2025Article
- Development of Methods to Produce SARS CoV-2 Virus-Like Particles at Scale.Biotechnology and bioengineering · 2025Article
- Towards a unifying model for B-cell receptor triggering.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- Mimicking immune complexes for efficient antibody responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- A Stealthiness Evaluation of Main Chain Carboxybetaine Polymer Modified into Liposome.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Raman spectroscopy of lymphocytes from patients with the Epstein-Barr virus infection.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Antigen-display exosomes provide adjuvant-free protection against SARS-CoV-2 disease at nanogram levels of spike protein.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antigen binding by B cell receptors (BCR) on cognate B cells elicits a response that eventually leads to production of antibodies. However, it is unclear what the distribution of BCRs is on the naïve B cell and how antigen binding triggers the first step in BCR signaling. Using DNA-PAINT super-resolution microscopy, we find that most BCRs are present as monomers, dimers, or loosely associated clusters on resting B cells, with a nearest-neighbor inter-Fab distance of 20-30 nm. We leverage a Holliday junction nanoscaffold to engineer monodisperse model antigens with precision-controlled affinity and valency, and find that the antigen exerts agonistic effects on the BCR as a function of increasing affinity and avidity. Monovalent macromolecular antigens can activate the BCR at high concentrations, whereas micromolecular antigens cannot, demonstrating that antigen binding does not directly drive activation. Based on this, we propose a BCR activation model determined by the antigen footprint.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.