ArticleFrontiers in immunology2023
Agonistic and antagonistic targeting of immune checkpoint molecules differentially regulate osteoclastogenesis.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Bone Health: Mechanisms, Clinical Implications, and Emerging Perspectives on Bone Fragility.Current osteoporosis reports · 2026Review
- Bone Adverse Events in Cancer Patients Undergoing Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature from the Clinical Action Group of the European Calcified Tissue Society.Calcified tissue international · 2026Review
- Review
- Bone mineral density changes following immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: insights from a case series analysis.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2025Article
- Change of bone mineral density as a prognostic marker in small cell lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a multicenter retrospective study.Translational lung cancer research · 2025Article
- Sophoraflavanone G Inhibits RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis via MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathway.Molecular biotechnology · 2025Article
- Arcyriaflavin A Alleviates Osteoporosis by Suppressing RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Incidence of fractures in patients with solid cancers treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.BMJ oncology · 2025Article
- Integrative genomic analysis and diagnostic modeling of osteoporosis: unraveling the interplay of autophagy, osteogenesis, adipogenesis, and immune infiltration.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Immunotherapy in the Battle Against Bone Metastases: Mechanisms and Emerging Treatments.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Immune-related osteoblastic bone alterations mimicking bone metastasis in a small-cell lung cancer patient treated with durvalumab: a case report.Translational lung cancer research · 2024Article
- Rheumatic adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer immunotherapy.Expert review of clinical immunology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitors are used in the treatment of various cancers and have been extensively researched with regard to inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, this revolutionary therapeutic strategy often provokes critical auto-inflammatory adverse events, such as inflammatory reactions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, nervous, and skeletal systems. Because the function of these immunomodulatory co-receptors is highly cell-type specific and the role of macrophages as osteoclast precursors is widely published, we aimed to analyze the effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors on these bone-resorbing cells. Methods: We established an Results: These methodical approaches for osteoclast research achieved objective, comparable, and reproducible results despite the great heterogeneity in the form, size, and number of osteoclasts. In addition to the standardization of experimental analyses involving osteoclasts, our study has revealed the substantial effects of agonistic and antagonistic checkpoint modulation on osteoclastogenesis, confirming the importance of immune checkpoints in bone homeostasis. Discussion: Our work will enable more robust and reproducible investigations into the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in conditions with diminished bone density such as osteoporosis, aseptic loosening of endoprostheses, cancer, as well as the side effects of cancer therapy, and might even pave the way for novel individualized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.