Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36817595›Full record

SynthesisFrontiers in endocrinology2023

Effects of the ketogenic diet on bone health: A systematic review.

Vincenzo Garofalo, Federica Barbagallo, Rossella Cannarella, Aldo Eugenio Calogero, Sandro La Vignera, Rosita Angela Condorelli

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Relationship between Aging and Ketogenic Diet: A Bibliometric Analysis (1995-2025)Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. The Biochemical Role of Bitter Melon (Food science & nutrition · 2026
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Nutrients · 2025
    Article
  15. Review
  16. Low-carbohydrate diet for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024
    Article
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Vincenzo GarofaloDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
Federica BarbagalloDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
Rossella CannarellaDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
Aldo Eugenio CalogeroDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
Sandro La VigneraDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
Rosita Angela CondorelliDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: To carry out a systematic review of published studies to evaluate the relationship between different type of ketogenic diet (KD) and bone health as supported by the scientific literature. Methods: The study involved all articles that assessed the relationship between the use of KD for the treatment of overweight or obesity and bone health. The quality assessment was evaluated with using the Cambridge Quality Checklists. The search strategy included the following combination of Medical Subjects Headings terms and keywords: "osteoporosis", "bone health, "bone function", "bone mineral density", and "ketogenic diet". Results: Seven trials were identified and reviewed. No significant changes in bone mass density (BMD) were observed after KD. The results showed no significant effect on bone resorption by measuring urinary N-telopeptide levels, on bone formation by measuring bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, or alterations in overall bone turnover in patients who followed KD. Only in female subject after a 10% weight loss, bone resorption increases while new bone synthesis decreases, but without increasing the risk of osteoporosis. Finally, patients on KD lost significantly more weight than controls, associated with an increase in serum vitamin D levels and a reduction in plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. Conclusion: No human studies have currently been conducted with adequate and powerful experimental designs to definitively understand the impact of KD therapy on bone health.

Indexed as

Bone ResorptionDiet, KetogenicOsteoporosisBone and BonesBone DensityFemaleHumansParathyroid HormoneParathyroid Hormonebone healthbone mineral densityketogenic dietlow-calorie ketogenic dietosteoporosisvery-low-calorie ketogenic diet

Identifiers

PMID36817595
PMCPMC9932495

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.