Evidence mapPaperPMID 36826987Full record

ArticleJMIR diabetes2023

App Design Features Important for Diabetes Self-management as Determined by the Self-Determination Theory on Motivation: Content Analysis of Survey Responses From Adults Requiring Insulin Therapy.

Helen N C Fu, Jean F Wyman, Cynthia J Peden-McAlpine, Claire Burke Draucker, Titus Schleyer, Terrence J Adam

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Article in JMIR diabetes, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Digital Health Technology in Diabetes Management in the Asia-Pacific Region: A Narrative Review of the Current Scenario and Future Outlook.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2025
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Helen N C FuCenter for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4371-1147
Jean F WymanSchool of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-8469
Cynthia J Peden-McAlpineSchool of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3394-8431
Claire Burke DrauckerSchool of Nursing, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9844-351X
Titus SchleyerCenter for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1829-971X
Terrence J AdamCollege of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8666-2587

Funding

Quality Assurance and Quality Control Project Management: Improving Submissions and Study Conduct in the Human Subjects Research Prior Approval ProcessUL1TR002529 · NCATS · INDIANA UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS · PI MOE, SHARON M, WIEHE, SARAH ELIZABETH · 2018 to 2022
$27.2M
The Indiana Training Program in Public & Population Health InformaticsT15LM012502 · NLM · INDIANA UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS · PI Brian E. Dixon, William F Fadel · 2017 to 2026
$4.7M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002529NLM NIH HHS T15 LM012502
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundUsing a diabetes app can improve glycemic control; however, the use of diabetes apps is low, possibly due to design issues that affect patient motivation.

objectiveThis study aimed to describes how adults with diabetes requiring insulin perceive diabetes apps based on 3 key psychological needs (competence, autonomy, and connectivity) described by the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) on motivation.

methodsThis was a qualitative analysis of data collected during a crossover randomized laboratory trial (N=92) testing 2 diabetes apps. Data sources included (1) observations during app testing and (2) survey responses on desired app features. Guided by the SDT, coding categories included app functions that could address psychological needs for motivation in self-management: competence, autonomy, and connectivity.

resultsPatients described design features that addressed needs for competence, autonomy, and connectivity. To promote competence, electronic data recording and analysis should help patients track and understand blood glucose (BG) results necessary for planning behavior changes. To promote autonomy, BG trend analysis should empower patients to set safe and practical personalized behavioral goals based on time and the day of the week. To promote connectivity, app email or messaging function could share data reports and communicate with others on self-management advice. Additional themes that emerged are the top general app designs to promote positive user experience: patient-friendly; automatic features of data upload; voice recognition to eliminate typing data; alert or reminder on self-management activities; and app interactivity of a sound, message, or emoji change in response to keeping or not keeping BG in the target range.

conclusionsThe application of the SDT was useful in identifying motivational app designs that address the psychological needs of competence, autonomy, and connectivity. User-centered design concepts, such as being patient-friendly, differ from the SDT because patients need a positive user experience (ie, a technology need). Patients want engaging diabetes apps that go beyond data input and output. Apps should be easy to use, provide personalized analysis reports, be interactive to affirm positive behaviors, facilitate data sharing, and support patient-clinician communication.

Indexed as

autonomyblood sugarcompetenceconnectivitydesigndiabetesdiabetes appdiabeticglucoseglycemic controlhealth appinsulinmHealthmobile healthmotivationqualitativerandomized trialself-determination theoryself-managementuser need

Identifiers

PMID36826987
PMCPMC10007004

What Socratic holds

Textfull text, public
LicenceCC BY
measurements read19
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.