ArticlePharmaceutics2023
Development and Optimisation of Inhalable EGCG Nano-Liposomes as a Potential Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension by Implementation of the Design of Experiments Approach.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- EGCG as a therapeutic agent: a systematic review of recent advances and challenges in nanocarrier strategies.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2025Pooled it
- Methylene Blue-Loaded Liposomal Nanocarriers Enhance the Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy againstACS infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Innovations in the Delivery of Bioactive Compounds for Cancer Prevention and Therapy: Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Exploring EGCG for Leishmaniasis: A Natural Strategy for Neglected Disease Intervention.The Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2025Review
- Epigallocatechin Gallate as a Molecular Therapeutic in Heart Failure and Cardio-Oncology: Mechanistic Pathways and Translational Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Fundamental and Targeted Approaches in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Treatment.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Catechin (epigallocatechin-3-gallate) supplement restores the oxidation: antioxidation balance through enhancing the total antioxidant capacity in Wistar rats with cadmium-induced oxidative stress.Journal of nutritional science · 2025Article
- Research Progress on Using Nanoparticles to Enhance the Efficacy of Drug Therapy for Chronic Mountain Sickness.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Formulation of silymarin surface modified vesicles: In vitro characterization to cell viability assessment.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2024Article
- Neurodegenerative diseases and catechins: (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate is a modulator of chronic neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Review
- Lipid Nanoparticles: An Effective Tool to Improve the Bioavailability of Nutraceuticals.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Cryopreservation of bioflavonoid-rich plant sources and bioflavonoid-microcapsules: emerging technologies for preserving bioactivity and enhancing nutraceutical applications.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the main ingredient in green tea, holds promise as a potential treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, EGCG has many drawbacks, including stability issues, low bioavailability, and a short half-life. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to develop and optimize an inhalable EGCG nano-liposome formulation aiming to overcome EGCG's drawbacks by applying a design of experiments strategy. The aerodynamic behaviour of the optimum formulation was determined using the next-generation impactor (NGI), and its effects on the TGF-β pathway were determined using a cell-based reporter assay. The newly formulated inhalable EGCG liposome had an average liposome size of 105 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.18, a zeta potential of -25.5 mV, an encapsulation efficiency of 90.5%, and a PDI after one month of 0.19. These results are in complete agreement with the predicted values of the model. Its aerodynamic properties were as follows: the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) was 4.41 µm, the fine particle fraction (FPF) was 53.46%, and the percentage of particles equal to or less than 3 µm was 34.3%. This demonstrates that the novel EGCG liposome has all the properties required to be inhalable, and it is expected to be deposited deeply in the lung. The TGFβ pathway is activated in PAH lungs, and the optimum EGCG nano-liposome inhibits TGFβ signalling in cell-based studies and thus holds promise as a potential treatment for PAH.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.