ReviewJournal of the American Heart Association2023
Women's Reproductive Milestones and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Review of Reports and Opportunities From the CARDIA Study.
Review in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brazilian Guideline on Menopausal Cardiovascular Health - 2024.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2024Guideline
- The causal relationships and potential pathways between birth weight and cardiovascular diseases: A human genomics study.Medicine · 2026Article
- Early in, early out: reproductive lifespan timing and cardiometabolic risk in women.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Review
- Anti-Müllerian Hormone Levels Across Phenotypes in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Review
- Addressing maternal cardiovascular risk: The impact of lactation, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and racial disparities.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2025Article
- Position Statement on Cardiometabolic Health Across the Woman's Life Course - 2025.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2025Article
- Secular trends in age at menarche among Han Chinese females in Shanghai: a large-scale community-based study.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Association between adverse pregnancy outcomes and awareness of cardiovascular risk factors: A nuMoM2b-HHS secondary analysis.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Menopause and its effects on autonomic regulation of blood pressure: Insights and perspectives.Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical · 2025Review
- Leisure Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Cardiovascular Health 2-7 yr after Pregnancy in the nuMoM2b Heart Health Study Cohort.Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2025Article
- Comparison Between SGLT2 Inhibitors and Lactation: Implications for Cardiometabolic Health in Parous Women.Metabolic syndrome and related disorders · 2025Review
- Position Statement on Cardiometabolic Health Across the Woman's Life Course - 2025.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2025Article
- Synergistic effects of glucose tolerance and BMI on cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in a healthy population: CA.ME.LI.A study 7 years follow-up.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
- Brazilian Guideline on Menopausal Cardiovascular Health - 2024.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 10 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In 1985 to 1986, the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study enrolled 5115 Black or White participants, including 2788 women, aged 18 to 30 years. Over the following 35 years, the CARDIA study amassed extensive longitudinal data on women's reproductive milestones, spanning menarche to menopause. Although not initially conceived as a study of women's health, >75 CARDIA study publications address relationships between reproductive factors and events with cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors, subclinical and clinical cardiovascular disease, and social determinants of health. The CARDIA study was one of the earliest population-based reports to note Black-White differences in age at menarche and associations with cardiovascular risk factors. Adverse pregnancy outcomes, particularly gestational diabetes and preterm birth, have been assessed along with postpartum behaviors, such as lactation. Existing studies have examined risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes and lactation, as well as their relationship to future cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors, diagnoses, and subclinical atherosclerosis. Ancillary studies examining components of polycystic ovary syndrome and ovarian biomarkers, such as anti-Müllerian hormone, have facilitated examination of reproductive health in a population-based cohort of young adult women. As the cohort transitioned through menopause, examination of the importance of premenopausal cardiovascular risk factors along with menopause has improved our understanding of shared mechanisms. The cohort is now aged in the 50s to mid-60s, and women will begin to experience a greater number of cardiovascular events as well as other conditions, such as cognitive impairment. Thus, in the next decade, the CARDIA study will provide a unique resource for understanding how the women's reproductive life course epidemiology informs cardiovascular risk, as well as reproductive and chronological aging.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.