ReviewVaccines2023
Innate and Adaptive Immunity during SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Biomolecular Cellular Markers and Mechanisms.
Review in Vaccines, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cellular Immune Response Induced by mRNA Vaccines Against SARS-CoV-2.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Review
- Host Responses to SARS-CoV-2 with an Emphasis on Cytokines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Role of Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 in Modulating Disease Severity in Children with COVID-19 and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Significant Production of Serum and Mucosal Anti-Spike-IgA Antibodies After Vaccine-Encoded or SARS-CoV-2-Infection-Induced Spike-Exposures in Patients with Asthma Treated with Monoclonal Antibodies Compared to Conventional Therapy.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2026Article
- Immune Response and Serum Biomarker Screening in Pregnant Women with Influenza A Virus Infection: Insight into Susceptibility and Disease Severity.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Natural killer cell dysfunction is associated with colorectal cancer with severe COVID-19.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Article
- Mass Cytometry Analysis of High-Dimensional Single-Cell Immune Profiles in ZF2001-Vaccinated Patients Infected with SARS-CoV-2.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Detectable SARS-CoV-2 specific immune responses in recovered unvaccinated individuals 250 days post wild type infection.PloS one · 2025Article
- The link between gut microbiota and multiple sclerosis from the perspective of barrier function.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- PET Foils Functionalized with Reactive Copolymers as Adaptable Microvolume ELISA Spot Array Platforms for Multiplex Serological Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Infections.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Review
- Interactions between toll-like receptors signaling pathway and gut microbiota in host homeostasis.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Review
- CRP/Neopterin Ratio and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Patients with Different Forms of Pneumonia: Results of a Pilot Study.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- A Comprehensive Study of Cellular and Humoral Immunity in Dogs Naturally Exposed to SARS-CoV-2.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2024Article
- Review
- A Genetic and Immunohistochemical Analysis of Helicobacter pylori Phenotypes and p27 Expression in Adenocarcinoma Patients in Jordan.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2023Article
- Regulated Arginine Metabolism in Immunopathogenesis of a Wide Range of Diseases: Is There a Way to Pass between Scylla and Charybdis?Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Review
- Regulatory T Cells (Tregs) and COVID-19: Unveiling the Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potentialities with a Special Focus on Long COVID.Vaccines · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was caused by a positive sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, other human coronaviruses (hCoVs) exist. Historical pandemics include smallpox and influenza, with efficacious therapeutics utilized to reduce overall disease burden through effectively targeting a competent host immune system response. The immune system is composed of primary/secondary lymphoid structures with initially eight types of immune cell types, and many other subtypes, traversing cell membranes utilizing cell signaling cascades that contribute towards clearance of pathogenic proteins. Other proteins discussed include cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complexes (MHC), pleiotropic interleukins (IL), and chemokines (CXC). The historical concepts of host immunity are the innate and adaptive immune systems. The adaptive immune system is represented by T cells, B cells, and antibodies. The innate immune system is represented by macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and the complement system. Other viruses can affect and regulate cell cycle progression for example, in cancers that include human papillomavirus (HPV: cervical carcinoma), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV: lymphoma), Hepatitis B and C (HB/HC: hepatocellular carcinoma) and human T cell Leukemia Virus-1 (T cell leukemia). Bacterial infections also increase the risk of developing cancer (e.g.,
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.