ReviewViruses2023
Bacteriophage T4 Head: Structure, Assembly, and Genome Packaging.
Review in Viruses, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bacteriophages and polymeric delivery systems: a mapping review.Folia microbiologica · 2026Review
- Phage Therapy for Sustainable Sea Cucumber Aquaculture.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Functional Evaluation of a Conserved HNH Endonuclease Gene in Lactococcal Skunavirus Genomes.Microbial biotechnology · 2026Article
- Virus-like particles based on plant viruses and bacteriophages: emerging strategies for the delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics.Chemical science · 2026Review
- Bacterial defense mechanisms against bacteriophages: an evolutionary arms race.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- In situ structures of the portal-neck-tail complex of bacteriophage T4 inform a viral genome positioning mechanism.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Cryo-EM structures of bacteriophage T4 portal-neck assembly intermediates reveal a viral genome retention mechanism.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Characterization and genomic analysis of DSF2: a novel lytic phage infecting multidrug-resistantFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Advances in mycobacteriophage research: from lytic mechanisms to one health applications.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- CRISPR-Cpf1-Mediated T4 Phage Genome Editing for One-Step In Vivo Display of Heterologous Protein.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Structural Remodeling of Phage φPNJ-6 Hoc Promotes Adhesion to the Intestinal Epithelium.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Genome-based taxonomic classification ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Bacteriophage T4 genome packaging: mechanism and application.EcoSal Plus · 2025Review
- The bacteriophage T4 replisome: a model system for understanding DNA replication mechanisms.EcoSal Plus · 2025Review
- Structurally related phage helicases trigger type III-A3 retron-mediated anti-phage defense across diverse tailed phage families.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Controlling nanocage assembly, towards developing a one-health "plug & play" platform for targeted therapy.Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) · 2025Review
- Diamond Molecular Balance: Ultra-Wide Range Nanomechanical Mass Spectrometry from MDa to TDa.Nano letters · 2025Article
- Treatment ofViruses · 2025Article
- Gene transfer agents: The ambiguous role of selfless viruses in genetic exchange and bacterial evolution.Molecular microbiology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Bacteriophage (phage) T4 has served as an extraordinary model to elucidate biological structures and mechanisms. Recent discoveries on the T4 head (capsid) structure, portal vertex, and genome packaging add a significant body of new literature to phage biology. Head structures in unexpanded and expanded conformations show dramatic domain movements, structural remodeling, and a ~70% increase in inner volume while creating high-affinity binding sites for the outer decoration proteins Soc and Hoc. Small changes in intercapsomer interactions modulate angles between capsomer planes, leading to profound alterations in head length. The in situ cryo-EM structure of the symmetry-mismatched portal vertex shows the remarkable structural morphing of local regions of the portal protein, allowing similar interactions with the capsid protein in different structural environments. Conformational changes in these interactions trigger the structural remodeling of capsid protein subunits surrounding the portal vertex, which propagate as a wave of expansion throughout the capsid. A second symmetry mismatch is created when a pentameric packaging motor assembles at the outer "clip" domains of the dodecameric portal vertex. The single-molecule dynamics of the packaging machine suggests a continuous burst mechanism in which the motor subunits adjusted to the shape of the DNA fire ATP hydrolysis, generating speeds as high as 2000 bp/s.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.