ArticleClinical drug investigation2023
A Cross-Sectional Study of Tampering in Xtampza ER, an Abuse-Deterrent Formulation of an Extended-Release Opioid, in a Treatment Center Population.
Article in Clinical drug investigation, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of Abuse Deterrent Formulations of Oxycodone Products: Real-World Data from an Enriched Population of Substance Users Assessed with the Addiction Severity Index-Multimedia Version (ASI-MVJournal of pain research · 2026Article
- Abuse-deterrent formulations and opioid-related harms in North Carolina, 2010-2018.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Postmarketing Research for Opioid Abuse-Deterrent Formulations: A Narrative Review.Journal of pain research · 2025Review
- Review of Opioid Abuse-Deterrent Formulations: Impact and Barriers to Access.Journal of pain research · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectiveWhile the current landscape of opioid use disorder (OUD) is complicated by the increase in use of non-prescription opioids, prescription opioids continue to be frequently used in non-medical ways. In response to this abuse, pharmaceutical companies have developed abuse deterrent formulations (ADFs) for extended-release (ER) opioids. To test the effectiveness of Xtampza ER ADF (oxycodone myristate) at reducing tampering, its rate of tampering in a treatment-center population was compared to immediate release (IR) single entity (SE) oxycodone, other ER oxycodone opioids, and ER oxymorphone.
methodsData were collected between the third quarter of 2018 and the third quarter of 2021 from individuals entering nationally distributed opioid treatment programs. To determine odds of tampering with Xtampza ER compared to each comparator, a logistic model was fit with a random intercept allowing for multiple drugs in each subject. Within-subject correlation was assumed to have a compound symmetric relationship.
resultsOverlap among the categories of drug tampering was high. Logistic regression analyses found that oxycodone myristate had lower odds of tampering when compared to both IR SE oxycodone (OR = 0.23 [95% CI 0.11, 0.50], p = 0.0002) and ER oxymorphone (OR = 0.30 [95% CI 0.14, 0.67], p = 0.0038). Oxycodone myristate was not significantly different from other ER oxycodone opioids (OR = 0.5 [95% CI 0.24, 1.03], p = 0.0612). These findings did not change when the estimates were adjusted for age and sex.
conclusionsDrugs employing ADF technology may reduce the likelihood of tampering when compared to non-ADF formulations in a treatment-center population, which represents an opportunity for intervention in OUD among those still requiring pain management.
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