SynthesisSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2023
Variability in Running Economy of Kenyan World-Class and European Amateur Male Runners with Advanced Footwear Running Technology: Experimental and Meta-analysis Results.
Synthesis in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effects of Shoe Sole Thickness on Running Biomechanics and Economy: A Systematic Review.Sports medicine - open · 2026Pooled it
- The role of footwear in improving running economy: a systematic review with meta-analysis of controlled trials.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Exploring Factors to Explain Interindividual Responses to Running Economy in Advanced Footwear Technology Shoes: A Randomised Crossover Laboratory Trial with an Explanatory Predictor Analysis.Sports medicine - open · 2026Article
- Economy benefits of running in advanced footwear technology shoes remain with plantarflexion fatigue.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Why now? A physiological perspective on the first official sub-2-hour marathon.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Review
- Review
- Biomechanical Factors Associated with Intraindividual Differences in Running Economy Across Advanced Footwear Technology Models in Long-Distance Runners.Sports medicine - open · 2026Article
- Data driven shoe design improves running economy beyond state-of-the-art Advanced Footwear Technology running shoes.Journal of sport and health science · 2026Article
- Sex and Isolated Anthropometric Measures Do Not Explain Individual Differences in Responsiveness to Advanced Footwear Technology in Highly Trained Runners.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2026Article
- Wearable technology for athletes: material innovations, performance monitoring, and emerging paradigms.Mikrochimica acta · 2026Review
- Mechanisms, Economy, and Performance of Advanced Footwear Technology in Endurance Running-A Review.Muscles (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Runners with lower dynamic stability exhibit better running economy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Quo vadis advanced footwear technology research?Journal of sport and health science · 2025Article
- The Mediating Effect of Running Biomechanics, Anthropometrics, Muscle Architecture, and Comfort on Running Economy Across Different Shoes.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2025Article
- Physiological Resilience: What Is It and How Might It Be Trained?Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2025Review
- Trends and hotspots in running shoe research: a bibliometric study from 2005 to 2024.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Review
- Comparative analysis of foam-only versus carbon-plated advanced footwear technology spikes in distance runners.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- Advanced footwear technology in well-trained athletes: methodological insights from outdoor running.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- Clustering Runners' Response to Different Midsole Stack Heights: A Field Study.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Recent Innovations in Footwear and the Role of Smart Footwear in Healthcare-A Survey.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAdvanced footwear technology improves average running economy compared with racing flats in sub-elite athletes. However, not all athletes benefit as performance changes vary from a 10% drawback to a 14% improvement. The main beneficiaries from such technologies, world-class athletes, have only been analyzed using race times.
objectiveThe aim of this study was to measure running economy on a laboratory treadmill in advanced footwear technology compared to a traditional racing flat in world-class Kenyan (mean half-marathon time: 59:30 min:s) versus European amateur runners.
methodsSeven world-class Kenyan and seven amateur European male runners completed a maximal oxygen uptake assessment and submaximal steady-state running economy trials in three different models of advanced footwear technology and a racing flat. To confirm our results and better understand the overall effect of new technology in running shoes, we conducted a systematic search and meta-analysis.
resultsLaboratory results revealed large variability in both world-class Kenyan road runners, which ranged from a 11.3% drawback to a 11.4% benefit, and amateur Europeans, which ranged from a 9.7% benefit to a 1.1% drawback in running economy of advanced footwear technology compared to a flat. The post-hoc meta-analysis revealed an overall significant medium benefit of advanced footwear technology on running economy compared with traditional flats.
conclusionsVariability of advanced footwear technology performance appears in both world-class and amateur runners, suggesting further testing should examine such variability to ensure validity of results and explain the cause as a more personalized approach to shoe selection might be necessary for optimal benefit.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.