ArticleScientific reports2023
Inhaled milrinone in cardiac surgical patients: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic exploration.
Article in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Home Inotropes in Advanced Heart Failure: A Practical Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Use of combined spinal epidural technique with milrinone nebulization in a patient with pulmonary stenosis posted for elective cesarean section - A case report.Anesthesia and pain medicine · 2025Article
- Intravenous Levosimendan versus Inhalational Milrinone in the Management of Pulmonary Hypertension during Adult Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mean arterial pressure to mean pulmonary arterial pressure ratio (mAP/mPAP) has been identified as a strong predictor of perioperative complications in cardiac surgery. We therefore investigated the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationship of inhaled milrinone in these patients using this ratio (R) as a PD marker. Following approval by the ethics and research committee and informed consent, we performed the following experiment. Before initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass in 28 pulmonary hypertensive patients scheduled for cardiac surgery, milrinone (5 mg) was nebulized, plasma concentrations measured (up to 10 h) and compartmental PK analysis carried out. Baseline (R
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