ArticleFrontiers in oncology2023
Outcomes of beta blocker use in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Efficacy and Safety of Beta-blockers and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients with Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Targeted oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of beta blockers on cancer neuroimmunology: a systematic review and meta-analysis of survival outcomes and immune modulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Psychological Stress Promotes Tumor Growth in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Models Through Myeloid Signaling.Cancer science · 2026Article
- β-Adrenergic receptors as immunomodulators in T cells: mechanisms of neuroimmune crosstalk and pathophysiological implications.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Review
- Liver-nervous system axis: pathways, dysregulation, and translational perspectives.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Enteric neuro-immune-tumor ecosystem in pancreatic, colorectal, and gastric malignancies: context dependence and translational priorities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Long-Term Cardiovascular Toxicity of Immunotherapy: Too Important to Ignore.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Neuro-immune cross-talk in cancer.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2025Review
- The Impact of Beta Blockers on Survival in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cancers · 2025Review
- The impact of β-blockers on outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy in advanced lung cancer: a multicenter real-world study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Targeting the peripheral neural-tumour microenvironment for cancer therapy.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2024Review
- Review
- Repurposing beta-blockers for combinatory cancer treatment: effects on conventional and immune therapies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
25 authors at 14 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background: In patients with cirrhosis, portal hypertension increases intestinal permeability, dysbiosis, and bacterial translocation, promoting an inflammatory state that can lead to the progression of liver disease and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to investigate whether beta blockers (BBs), which can mediate portal hypertension, conferred survival benefits in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational study of 578 patients with unresectable HCC treated with ICI from 2017 to 2019 at 13 institutions across three continents. BB use was defined as exposure to BBs at any time during ICI therapy. The primary objective was to assess the association of BB exposure with overall survival (OS). Secondary objectives were to evaluate the association of BB use with progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR) according to RECIST 1.1 criteria. Results: In our study cohort, 203 (35%) patients used BBs at any point during ICI therapy. Of these, 51% were taking a nonselective BB. BB use was not significantly correlated with OS (hazard ratio [HR] 1.12, 95% CI 0.9-1.39, Conclusion: In this real-world population of patients with unresectable HCC treated with immunotherapy, BB use was not associated with OS, PFS or ORR.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.