ReviewPediatric research2023
Understanding COVID-19 in children: immune determinants and post-infection conditions.
Review in Pediatric research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biomarkers of long COVID in children and young adults: a scoping review.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- COVID-19 burden in the paediatric population in Latin America during vaccine rollout: a real-world study using national surveillance data.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Observational
- Expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, transmembrane serine protease 2, and sirtuin 1 proteins in lungs of different age groups.Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia · 2026Article
- Association of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-α With Severe Pediatric COVID-19 and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome.Biomarker insights · 2026Article
- Cytokine and Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis in Korean Patients With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children.Journal of Korean medical science · 2025Article
- Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 S IgG Antibodies in Children Post-COVID-19 and the Association of Antibody Levels with Vaccination Status.Current microbiology · 2025Article
- Unveiling the role of the respiratory microbiome in long COVID pathogenesis and therapeutics.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2025Article
- Pediatric T cell and B cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Immunological Mechanisms Underlying Allergy Predisposition After SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children.Cells · 2025Review
- Yes-associated protein induces age-dependent inflammatory signaling in the pulmonary endothelium.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in children exhibit higher FcR engagement and avidity than in adults.Nature communications · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children: Revisiting Host-Virus Interactions Through Post-Infection Immune Profiling.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Rewired type I IFN signaling is linked to age-dependent differences in COVID-19.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Impact of Vaccination and Prior Infection on SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Preschool Children During the Omicron Pandemic.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Influence of COVID-19 on pediatric immunocompromised children: mechanism and implications for pathogenesis.Virusdisease · 2025Review
- Multiple Respiratory Virus Detection in Acute Respiratory Infection Patients in Mie Prefecture, Japan, 2021-2023.Viruses · 2025Article
- Effects of meteorological factors on outpatient visits for chronic rhinosinusitis in Wuhan, China (2018-2019): a time-series analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Age-related immune response disparities between adults and children with severe COVID-19: a case-control study in China.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Evaluating Immunologic and Illness Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Children Aged ≥ 5 Years, in a Multisite Longitudinal Cohort.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 in children presents with milder clinical manifestations than in adults. On the other hand, the presence of a wide range of inflammatory manifestations, including multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), in the period after infection suggests a particular susceptibility of some children toward severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Both protective factors that prevent evolution to severe forms and risk factors for post-infectious conditions are likely to be found in age-related differences in the immune system. The prompt innate response with type I IFN production and the generation of neutralizing antibodies play a crucial role in containing the infection. The greater number of naive and regulatory cells in children helps to avoid the cytokine storm while the causes of the intense inflammatory response in MIS-C need to be elucidated. This review aims to analyze the main results of the recent literature assessing immune response to SARS-CoV-2 over the pediatric age group. We summarized such observations by dividing them into innate and acquired immunity, then reporting how altered immune responses can determine post-infectious conditions. IMPACT: The main immune markers of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in children are summarized in this review. This paper reports a broad overview of age-related differences in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and emerging post-infection conditions. A summary of currently available therapies for the pediatric age group is provided.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.