ReviewCells2023
Role of SARS-CoV-2 Spike-Protein-Induced Activation of Microglia and Mast Cells in the Pathogenesis of Neuro-COVID.
Review in Cells, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychiatric symptoms in Long-COVID patients: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Involvement of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Methamphetamine Augmentation of SARS-CoV-2 N-Protein-Induced Neuroinflammation in Rat Microglial Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Blood-Brain Barrier Changes and Related Microvascular Outcomes in Long-COVID: A Comprehensive Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Posterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke Occurring After ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/AZD1222 Vaccination Without Evidence of Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia: A Case Report and Focused Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Neuroimmune Regulation of Microvascular Inflammation: The Heart-Brain Axis, Mast Cells, and the Protective Role of Flavonoids-A Comprehensive Review.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Review
- Review
- Long COVID-associated neurological symptoms and brain fog: Understanding the mechanism of neuroinflammation, BBB disruption, diagnostics, and therapeutics.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- ACE2: Friend or Foe in Post-COVID-19 Neurodegeneration?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Review
- Observational
- Antiviral effects and mechanism of Ma-Xing-Shi-Gan-San on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Restoring trust in vaccination: listening to patients and acknowledging Post-Acute COVID Vaccine Syndrome.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- The National Institutes of Health COVID-19 Neuro Databank/Biobank: Creation and Evolution.Neuroepidemiology · 2025Article
- Long-term Neurological Consequences of COVID-19 in Patients With Pre-existing Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease: A Comprehensive Review.Neuroscience insights · 2025Review
- Role of Gut Microbiota in Long COVID: Impact on Immune Function and Organ System Health.Archives of microbiology & immunology · 2025Article
- Omics-based analysis of mitochondrial dysfunction and BBB integrity in post-COVID-19 sequelae.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Inflammatory pathways in patients with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: The role of the clinical immunologist.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2024Review
- The Role of Dental-derived Stem Cell-based Therapy and Their Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome-induced Tissue Damage.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2024Review
- Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Polyphenols Derived from the European Olive Tree,International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). About 45% of COVID-19 patients experience several symptoms a few months after the initial infection and develop post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), referred to as "Long-COVID," characterized by persistent physical and mental fatigue. However, the exact pathogenetic mechanisms affecting the brain are still not well-understood. There is increasing evidence of neurovascular inflammation in the brain. However, the precise role of the neuroinflammatory response that contributes to the disease severity of COVID-19 and long COVID pathogenesis is not clearly understood. Here, we review the reports that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein can cause blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and damage neurons either directly, or via activation of brain mast cells and microglia and the release of various neuroinflammatory molecules. Moreover, we provide recent evidence that the novel flavanol eriodictyol is particularly suited for development as an effective treatment alone or together with oleuropein and sulforaphane (ViralProtek
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.