ArticleCells2023
3D Spheroid Configurations Are Possible Indictors for Evaluating the Pathophysiology of Melanoma Cell Lines.
Article in Cells, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Fatty Acid Metabolism Regulators Have Pivotal Roles in the Pathogenesis of Ovarian Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Advances in regenerative medicine-based approaches for skin regeneration and rejuvenation.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Patient-Derived Melanoma Immune-Tumoroids as a Platform for Precise High throughput Drug Screening.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Review
- Lysophosphatidic Acid Modulates TGF-β2-Induced Biological Phenotype in Human Conjunctival Fibroblasts.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Modulation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Is a Possible Underlying Mechanism for Inducing Chemoresistance in MIA PaCa-2 Cells against Gemcitabine and Paclitaxel.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Differentiation States of Phenotypic Transition of Melanoma Cells Are Revealed by 3D Cell Cultures.Cells · 2024Article
- Significant and Various Effects of ML329-Induced MITF Suppression in the Melanoma Cell Line.Cancers · 2024Article
- Lipid Metabolism Regulators Are the Possible Determinant for Characteristics of Myopic Human Scleral Stroma Fibroblasts (HSSFs).International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- Article
- mTOR Inhibitors Modulate the Physical Properties of 3D Spheroids Derived from H9c2 Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- Comparative Analysis of the Effect of the BRAF Inhibitor Dabrafenib in 2D and 3D Cell Culture Models of Human Metastatic Melanoma Cells.In vivo (Athens, Greece)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To study the molecular mechanisms responsible for inducing the spatial proliferation of malignant melanomas (MM), three-dimension (3D) spheroids were produced from several MM cell lines including SK-mel-24, MM418, A375, WM266-4, and SM2-1, and their 3D architectures and cellular metabolisms were evaluated by phase-contrast microscopy and Seahorse bio-analyzer, respectively. Several transformed horizontal configurations were observed within most of these 3D spheroids, and the degree of their deformity was increased in the order: WM266-4, SM2-1, A375, MM418, and SK-mel-24. An increased maximal respiration and a decreased glycolytic capacity were observed within the lesser deformed two MM cell lines, WM266-4 and SM2-1, as compared with the most deformed ones. Among these MM cell lines, two distinct cell lines, WM266-4 and SK-mel-24, whose 3D appearances were the closest and farthest, respectively, from being horizontally circular-shaped, were subjected to RNA sequence analyses. Bioinformatic analyses of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified KRAS and SOX2 as potential master regulatory genes for inducing these diverse 3D configurations between WM266-4 and SK-mel-24. The knockdown of both factors altered the morphological and functional characteristics of the SK-mel-24 cells, and in fact, their horizontal deformity was significantly reduced. A qPCR analysis indicated that the levels of several oncogenic signaling related factors, including KRAS and SOX2, PCG1α, extracellular matrixes (ECMs), and ZO1 had fluctuated among the five MM cell lines. In addition, and quite interestingly, the dabrafenib and trametinib resistant A375 (A375DT) cells formed globe shaped 3D spheroids and showed different profiles in cellular metabolism while the mRNA expression of these molecules that were tested as above were different compared with A375 cells. These current findings suggest that 3D spheroid configuration has the potential for serving as an indicator of the pathophysiological activities associated with MM.
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