Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36907687›Full record

ReviewTrends in molecular medicine2023

Brain gene therapy with Trojan horse lipid nanoparticles.

William M Pardridge

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Trends in molecular medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
7.4field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Decoding Undesirable Inflammatory Responses of Nucleic Acid-Delivering Lipid Nanoparticles.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  5. Towards precision medicine for brain arteriovenous malformations.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026
    Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Observational
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Trojan Horses: A Secret Route for Nanomedicines.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2025
    Review
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Assembling the RNA therapeutics toolbox.Medical review (2021) · 2024
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.

William M PardridgeUniversity of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Electronic address: wpardrid@ucla.edu.
University of California, Los Angeles · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The COVID-19 mRNA vaccine was developed by the scalable manufacture of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) that encapsulate mRNA within the lipid. There are many potential applications for this large nucleic acid delivery technology, including the delivery of plasmid DNA for gene therapy. However, gene therapy for the brain requires LNP delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). It is proposed that LNPs could be reformulated for brain delivery by conjugation of receptor-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to the LNP surface. The MAb acts as a molecular Trojan horse to trigger receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT) of the LNP across the BBB and subsequent localization to the nucleus for transcription of the therapeutic gene. Trojan horse LNPs could enable new approaches to gene therapy of the brain.

Indexed as

COVID-19NanoparticlesAntibodies, MonoclonalBlood-Brain BarrierBrainCOVID-19 VaccinesGenetic TherapyHumansLiposomesAntibodies, MonoclonalCOVID-19 VaccinesLipid NanoparticlesLiposomesblood–brain barrierlipid nanoparticlemonoclonal antibodyplasmid DNATrojan horse

Identifiers

PMID36907687
PMCPMC10005896
OpenAlexW4323924420

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.