ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2023
Fibroblast growth factor 21 is expressed and secreted from skeletal muscle following electrical stimulation
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Potential Influence of Myokines on Skeletal Muscle Tissue Hypertrophy Signaling Pathways: A Narrative Review.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Exercise-induced myokines in metabolic regulation: mechanisms, mimetics, and translational potential.Archives of pharmacal research · 2026Review
- Recent advances in electroactive biomaterials and electrical stimulation for skeletal muscle regeneration: materials, strategies, and mechanistic insights.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Advances in electrical stimulation-based therapeutic technologies for sarcopenia prevention and treatment.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Exercise-myokine relationships in osteoarthritis.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Effect of Muscle Contraction Under Caloric Restriction on Irisin and FGF21 Secretion in Mice.Physiological research · 2025Article
- The role of FGF21 in the metabolic adjustments required for exercise capacity.Life sciences · 2025Review
- Cisplatin-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy: Biomolecular Mechanisms and the Protective Role of Exercise-Induced Myokines.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Conductive biological materials for in vitro models: properties and sustainability implications.In vitro models · 2025Article
- FGF21 promotes longevity in diet-induced obesity through metabolic benefits independent of growth suppression.Cell metabolism · 2025Article
- Bridging systemic metabolic dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease: the liver interface.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2025Review
- Protective effects of exerkine on cardiovascular system.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2025Review
- Exerkines and myokines in aging sarcopenia.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Advances in electrical stimulation for wound healing.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Glucosamine Enhancement of Learning and Memory Functions by Promoting Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Production.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Potential role of Akt in the regulation of fibroblast growth factor 21 by berberine.Journal of natural medicines · 2024Article
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 21: A Fascinating Perspective on the Regulation of Muscle Metabolism.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hormone involved in the regulation of lipid, glucose, and energy metabolism. Although it is released mainly from the liver, in recent years it has been shown that it is a "myokine", synthesized in skeletal muscles after exercise and stress conditions through an Akt-dependent pathway and secreted for mediating autocrine and endocrine roles. To date, the molecular mechanism for the pathophysiological regulation of FGF21 production in skeletal muscle is not totally understood. We have previously demonstrated that muscle membrane depolarization controls gene expression through extracellular ATP (eATP) signaling, by a mechanism defined as "Excitation-Transcription coupling". eATP signaling regulates the expression and secretion of interleukin 6, a well-defined myokine, and activates the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. This work aimed to study the effect of electrical stimulation in the regulation of both production and secretion of skeletal muscle FGF21, through eATP signaling and PI3K/Akt pathway. Our results show that electrical stimulation increases both mRNA and protein (intracellular and secreted) levels of FGF21, dependent on an extracellular ATP signaling mechanism in skeletal muscle. Using pharmacological inhibitors, we demonstrated that FGF21 production and secretion from muscle requires the activation of the P2YR/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. These results confirm skeletal muscle as a source of FGF21 in physiological conditions and unveil a new molecular mechanism for regulating FGF21 production in this tissue. Our results will allow to identify new molecular targets to understand the regulation of FGF21 both in physiological and pathological conditions, such as exercise, aging, insulin resistance, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy, all characterized by an alteration in both FGF21 levels and ATP signaling components. These data reinforce that eATP signaling is a relevant mechanism for myokine expression in skeletal muscle.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.