ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2023
Immunomodulatory Effects of Metformin Treatment in Pregnant Women With PCOS.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06064669 (Effect of Metformin on Healthy Live Birth After In-vitro Fertilization in Women With Prediabetes Mellitus), which is not on this map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Metformin on Healthy Live Birth After In-vitro Fertilization in Women With Prediabetes Mellitus: a Multicenter Double-blind Placebo Controlled Randomized Trial
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bibliometric analysis of metformin as an immunomodulator (2013-2024).Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Metformin Treatment in PCOS Pregnancies Reduces Maternal Infections and Increases the Risk of Allergies and Eczema in the Offspring: Post Hoc Analyses of Two Randomised Controlled Trials and One Follow-Up Study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2025Trial
- Metabolic, microbial, and pharmacological stimuli elicit distinct lipidomic and cytokine responses in the human placenta.Molecular human reproduction · 2026Article
- Beyond glycemic control: molecular mechanisms of metformin in modulating cytokine networks in polycystic ovary syndrome.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- A review on herbal interventions and nanotechnological advancements for managing polycystic ovarian syndrome.JBRA assisted reproduction · 2025Review
- Antioxidant and cytokine modulation in PCOS rats protected with probiotics, myo-inositol, and herbal extracts.Veterinarni medicina · 2025Article
- Metformin use in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): Opportunities, benefits, and clinical challenges.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Review
- Metformin use in pregnancy: What about long-term effects in offspring?Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2024Article
- The role of immunity in insulin resistance in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- New immune phenotypes for treatment response in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Immunomodulatory Effects of Metformin Treatment in Pregnant Women With PCOS.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023 · on this mapArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder associated with low-grade systemic inflammation and increased risk of pregnancy complications. Metformin treatment reduces the risk of late miscarriage and preterm birth in pregnant women with PCOS. Whether the protective effect of metformin involves immunological changes has not been determined.
objectiveTo investigate the effect of metformin on the maternal immunological status in women with PCOS.
methodsA post-hoc analysis was performed of two randomized controlled trials, PregMet and PregMet2, including longitudinal maternal serum samples from 615 women with PCOS. Women were randomized to metformin or placebo from first trimester to delivery. Twenty-two cytokines and C-reactive protein were measured in serum sampled at gestational weeks 5 to 12, 19, 32, and 36.
resultsMetformin treatment was associated with higher serum levels of several multifunctional cytokines throughout pregnancy, with the strongest effect on eotaxin (P < .001), interleukin-17 (P = .03), and basic fibroblast growth factor (P = .04). Assessment of the combined cytokine development confirmed the impact of metformin on half of the 22 cytokines. The immunomodulating effect of metformin was more potent in normal weight and overweight women than in obese women. Moreover, normoandrogenic women had the strongest effect of metformin in early pregnancy, whereas hyperandrogenic women presented increasing effect throughout pregnancy.
conclusionIt appears that metformin has immunomodulating rather than anti-inflammatory properties in pregnancy. Its effect on the serum levels of many multifunctional cytokines demonstrates robust, persisting, and body mass-dependent immune mobilization in pregnant women with PCOS.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.