ReviewFrontiers in network physiology2021
Overtraining Syndrome as a Complex Systems Phenomenon.
Review in Frontiers in network physiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Correlations Between Training Load Parameters and Physical Performance Adaptations in Team Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Sports medicine - open · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of exercise interventions in hypoxic environment on cardiovascular function and maximal power output in obese or overweight individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Heart rate variability and overtraining in soccer players: A systematic review.Physiological reports · 2025Pooled it
- Development of an individualized prediction model for dynamic adaptations in performance and immune function associated with dietary patterns in endurance athletes using machine learning.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2026Observational
- The Impact of Overtraining on Anxiety-Like Behavior and Tight Junction Proteins of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Mice.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- The Effect of an Essential Amino Acid Supplement on Muscle Performance and Inflammation in an Animal Model of Overtraining.Nutrients · 2026Article
- The Neurochemical Orchestra of the Runner's High: A Narrative Review of Neuromodulatory Mechanisms with a Focus on Endocannabinoids.The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry · 2026Review
- High-Intensity Exercise Performance as a Complex Adaptive System: An Integrative Review.Muscles (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Competitive Stress Elicits Distinct Psychophysiological and Immunological Responses in Sub-Elite Water Polo Players.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Molecular Biomarkers of Training Responses: A Systems Framework for Exercise Adaptation and Athlete Monitoring.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Machine Learning and Non-Invasive Monitoring Technologies for Training Load Management in Women's Volleyball: A Scoping Review.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Network physiology in space: vision and perspectives on exploring physiological networks during spaceflight for the benefit of life on earth.Frontiers in network physiology · 2026Article
- Training and Tapering in High-Level Judo Athletes: A Biochemical and Autonomic Perspective.International journal of exercise science · 2026Review
- Time-variability of muscle oxygen saturation during graded maximal exercise.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Elite collegiate swimmers do not meet sport nutrition recommendations during heavy training: effects of sex and within-day nutrient timing.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2025Article
- Networks of intermuscular coordination distinguish male and female responses to exercise.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Neuromuscular and Psychological Performance Monitoring During One Season in Spanish Marine Corps.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Article
- Plasma hepcidin level is elevated by water immersion-induced central fatigue via hepatic inflammatory response in male and female rats.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- Biochemical and psychological markers of fatigue and recovery in mixed martial arts athletes during strength and conditioning training.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The phenomenon of reduced athletic performance following sustained, intense training (Overtraining Syndrome, and OTS) was first recognized more than 90 years ago. Although hundreds of scientific publications have focused on OTS, a definitive diagnosis, reliable biomarkers, and effective treatments remain unknown. The present review considers existing models of OTS, acknowledges the individualized and sport-specific nature of signs/symptoms, describes potential interacting predisposing factors, and proposes that OTS will be most effectively characterized and evaluated via the underlying complex biological systems. Complex systems in nature are not aptly characterized or successfully analyzed using the classic scientific method (i.e., simplifying complex problems into single variables in a search for cause-and-effect) because they result from myriad (often non-linear) concomitant interactions of multiple determinants. Thus, this review 1) proposes that OTS be viewed from the perspectives of complex systems and network physiology, 2) advocates for and recommends that techniques such as trans-omic analyses and machine learning be widely employed, and 3) proposes evidence-based areas for future OTS investigations, including concomitant multi-domain analyses incorporating brain neural networks, dysfunction of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responses to training stress, the intestinal microbiota, immune factors, and low energy availability. Such an inclusive and modern approach will measurably help in prevention and management of OTS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.