Evidence mapPaperPMID 36927772Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Cardiology2023

Obesity and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases.

Pedro L Valenzuela, Pedro Carrera-Bastos, Adrián Castillo-García, Daniel E Lieberman, Alejandro Santos-Lozano, Alejandro Lucia

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Cardiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 250 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
250citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
86.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

250 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 389 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2025
    Guideline
  3. Pharmacotherapy for obesity management in adults: 2025 clinical practice guideline update.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2025
    Guideline
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Trial
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  13. Review
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  17. Early-life adversity before age 5 is associated with reduced cardiometabolic health characterized by increased arterial stiffness and inflammation in adolescence.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2026
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Proanthocyanidin-Rich Cranberry Extract Lowers Glycemia in Established Obesity by Delaying Glucose Absorption.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026
    Article
  20. Article

190 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.

Pedro L ValenzuelaPhysical Activity and Health Research Group (PaHerg), Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ("i + 12"), Madrid, Spain. pedro.valenzuela92@gmail.com.
Pedro Carrera-BastosCenter for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Adrián Castillo-GarcíaDepartment of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-0098-0235
Daniel E LiebermanDepartment of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Alejandro Santos-LozanoPhysical Activity and Health Research Group (PaHerg), Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ("i + 12"), Madrid, Spain.
Alejandro LuciaFaculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. alejandro.lucia@universidadeuropea.es.ORCID 0000-0002-5565-0997
Universidad de Alcalá · ESCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable · ESHarvard University · USLund University · SEUniversidad Europea Miguel de Cervantes · ES

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The prevalence of obesity has reached pandemic proportions, and now approximately 25% of adults in Westernized countries have obesity. Recognized as a major health concern, obesity is associated with multiple comorbidities, particularly cardiometabolic disorders. In this Review, we present obesity as an evolutionarily novel condition, summarize the epidemiological evidence on its detrimental cardiometabolic consequences and discuss the major mechanisms involved in the association between obesity and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. We also examine the role of potential moderators of this association, with evidence for and against the so-called 'metabolically healthy obesity phenotype', the 'fatness but fitness' paradox or the 'obesity paradox'. Although maintenance of optimal cardiometabolic status should be a primary goal in individuals with obesity, losing body weight and, particularly, excess visceral adiposity seems to be necessary to minimize the risk of cardiometabolic diseases.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesBody Mass IndexBody WeightHumansObesityRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID36927772
OpenAlexW4327549443

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.