SynthesisAdvances in therapy2023
Clinical, Economic, and Patient-Reported Benefits of Connected Insulin Pen Systems: A Systematic Literature Review.
Synthesis in Advances in therapy, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Diabetes technology (Update 2026)].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2026Guideline
- International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2024: Diabetes Technologies - Insulin Delivery.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2024Guideline
- Analysis of glycaemic control and treatment satisfaction with a connected smart pen cap in adults with type 1 diabetes: a randomised, open-label, parallel-group trial.Diabetologia · 2026Trial
- Insulin pens and the digital ecosystem.Diabetologia · 2026Review
- [Continuous glucose monitoring and automated insulin dosing systems in clinical routine].Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Glycaemic benefits of smart insulin pens in socioeconomically deprived individuals: a single-Centre study.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Observational
- Yushida: an IoT-based smart injection system for long-term management of chronic diseases.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Review
- 7. Diabetes Technology: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026.Diabetes care · 2026Review
- Improvement in insulin injection timing and glucometrics using a connected insulin cap: theFrontiers in endocrinology · 2026Observational
- Advances in Continuous Glucose Monitoring: Clinical Applications.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2025Review
- Connected Insulin Pens and Pen Caps: Expanding Diabetes Technology Access and Adoption.Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2025Article
- 7. Diabetes Technology: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2025.Diabetes care · 2025Review
- A Human Factors Validation of a Smart Autoinjector Accessory Designed to Improve Self-Injection Outcomes and User Confidence.Medical devices (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Criteria for Personalised Choice of a Continuous Glucose Monitoring System: An Expert Opinion.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2024Article
- Innovation is the driver behind quality improvements in diabetes care delivery.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2024Article
- Advances in diabetes technology within the digital diabetes ecosystem.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2024Review
- Review
- Innovative Approaches to Enhance and Measure Medication Adherence in Chronic Disease Management: A Review.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2024Review
- Increasing Awareness and Uptake of Connected Insulin Pens for Eligible Patients With Diabetes: A Quality Improvement Success Story.Clinical diabetes : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2024Article
- Connected Insulin Pens and Caps: An Expert's Recommendation from the Area of Diabetes of the Spanish Endocrinology and Nutrition Society (SEEN).Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe objective of this systematic literature review was to evaluate the available literature concerning the clinical, economic, and patient-reported benefits of insulin pen platforms, including connected insulin pens/caps/sleeves and insulin platforms, as well as mobile apps capable of receiving near real-time insulin dosing information.
methodsMedline and Embase databases and the Cochrane Library were searched for published literature between January 2015 and May 2021, and manual searches for conference abstracts from 2018 to May 2021 were performed. These searches were supplemented by internet searches for relevant literature and clinical trials. Study selection involved the population, intervention, comparator, outcomes, time frame, and study design outline. Included studies investigated connected insulin systems or connected caps/sleeves enabling pens to be connected, or apps able to connect to these systems, in individuals of all ages with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus.
resultsSearches identified a total of 26 publications (mostly observational studies and conference abstracts) for inclusion, representing ten unique, predominantly small studies. Evidence in this field is still in its early stages, and only two randomized controlled trials met our inclusion criteria. Available results showed that connected insulin pens and their systems potentially helped reduce suboptimal insulin use and may therefore improve glycemic control. Satisfaction of people with diabetes with the technologies used was high, and economic benefits were noted. Features of effective connected insulin pen devices include simplicity of use and data upload/sharing, useful "point-of-care" alerts, and simple and understandable data presentation to facilitate more effective consultations.
conclusionsConnected insulin pen systems could be increasingly considered as part of routine clinical care for insulin-treated persons with diabetes who must manage the complexity of their daily insulin routine. Future research focusing on the way data obtained from these devices can be most effectively used alongside other information is urgently needed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.