ArticleToxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology2023
Long-term exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, diisononyl phthalate, and a mixture of phthalates alters estrous cyclicity and/or impairs gestational index and birth rate in mice.
Article in Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanisms of Phthalate-Induced Accelerated Ovarian Aging in Experimental Models.Current environmental health reports · 2026Review
- Epidemiologically relevant phthalate mixture and mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate exposure alter cell energy metabolism in primary mouse granulosa cells.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Bayesian benchmark dose modeling analysis and derivation of points of departure for female reproductive toxicity following exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) - effects on reproductive hormones, folliculogenesis and estrous cyclicity.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2025Article
- Oral exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate alters the expression of GATA6, OCT4, and CDX2 in blastocysts and decreases the rate of implantation in a mouse model.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2025Article
- Exposure to phthalates enhances estrogen and beta-catenin signaling pathways, leading to endometrial hyperplasia in mice.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2025Article
- Prenatal phthalate exposure and anogenital distance in infants at 12 months.Environment international · 2025Article
- Phthalates Impair Estrogenic Regulation of HIF2α and Extracellular Vesicle Secretion by Human Endometrial Stromal Cells.Endocrinology · 2025Article
- Dietary exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate for 6 months alters markers of female reproductive aging in mice†.Biology of reproduction · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the endocrine disrupting potential of Di-isononyl phthalate.Current research in toxicology · 2025Article
- In Vitro Toxicity of a DEHP and Cadmium Mixture on Sheep Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- IMPACT OF REAL-LIFE ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES ON REPRODUCTION: Rodent reproductive behavior among males and females after exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals.Reproduction (Cambridge, England) · 2024Review
- The effects of short-term and long-term phthalate exposures on ovarian follicle growth dynamics and hormone levels in female mice†.Biology of reproduction · 2024Article
- Advances in understanding the reproductive toxicity of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in women.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- Dietary exposure to an environmentally relevant phthalate mixture alters follicle dynamics, hormone levels, ovarian gene expression, and pituitary gene expression in female mice.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- Chronic exposure of mice to phthalates enhances TGF beta signaling and promotes uterine fibrosis.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- Chronic exposure to a mixture of phthalates shifts the white and brown adipose tissue phenotypes in female mice.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Phthalates are found in plastic food containers, medical plastics, and personal care products. However, the effects of long-term phthalate exposure on female reproduction are unknown. Thus, this study investigated the effects of long-term, dietary phthalate exposure on estrous cyclicity and fertility in female mice. Adult female CD-1 mice were fed chow containing vehicle control (corn oil) or 0.15-1500 ppm of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diisononyl phthalate (DiNP), or a mixture of phthalates (Mix) containing DEHP, DiNP, benzyl butyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, and diethyl phthalate. Measurements of urinary phthalate metabolites confirmed effective delivery of phthalates. Phthalate consumption for 11 months did not affect body weight compared to control. DEHP exposure at 0.15 ppm for 3 and 5 months increased the time that the mice spent in estrus and decreased the time the mice spent in metestrus/diestrus compared to control. DiNP exposure (0.15-1500 ppm) did not significantly affect time in estrus or metestrus/diestrus compared to control. Mix exposure at 0.15 and 1500 ppm for 3 months decreased the time the mice spent in metestrus/diestrus and increased the time the mice spent in estrus compared to control. DEHP (0.15-1500 ppm) or Mix (0.15-1500 ppm) exposure did not affect fertility-related indices compared to control. However, long-term DiNP exposure at 1500 ppm significantly reduced gestational index and birth rate compared to control. These data indicate that chronic dietary exposure to phthalates alters estrous cyclicity, and long-term exposure to DiNP reduces gestational index and birth rate in mice.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.