Evidence mapPaperPMID 36938250Full record

ReviewCureus2023

The Efficacy of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Improving Morbidity and Mortality of Heart Failure: A Systematic Review.

Suvedha Thiagaraj, Twisha S Shukla, Sai Dheeraj Gutlapalli, Hadi Farhat, Huma Irfan, Kanmani Muthiah, Namratha Pallipamu, Sogand Taheri, Safeera Khan

Full text readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cureus, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Suvedha ThiagarajInternal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.
Twisha S ShuklaPediatrics, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.
Sai Dheeraj GutlapalliInternal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.
Hadi FarhatResearch, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.
Huma IrfanResearch, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.
Kanmani MuthiahNeurology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.
Namratha PallipamuInternal Medicine, Franciscan Health, Lafayette, USA.
Sogand TaheriMedical Science, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.
Safeera KhanInternal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) worldwide. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) were initially developed for treating patients with type 2 DM. The four major drugs developed are canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, and ertugliflozin. Apart from treating DM, these drugs have shown to have a beneficial effect on lowering cardiovascular death and lowering hospital admission, and have beneficial renal outcomes. Recently, several large-scale randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were done to assess the benefit of these drugs, mainly in patients with CVD, irrespective of their diabetic status. This systematic review examined seven large-scale randomized controlled trials that focused mainly on CVD in patients with type 2 DM and if it showed any improvement. We properly screened the RCTs if they demonstrated cardiovascular outcomes after taking the SGLT2i or a placebo drug. The seven studies combined had a total sample population of 55,433, and the mean follow-up time was about four years. The participants included in this study had various basal metabolic indices, ages, glomerular filtration rates, and diabetic status characteristics. Although these patients were quite different, after the administration of SGLT2i, the studies showed a beneficial effect in reducing CVD mortality and morbidity in patients with type 2 DM.

Indexed as

canagliflozincardiovascular diseasecoronary artery diseasedapagliflozindiastolic heart failureempagliflozinmyocardial infarctionsglt2 inhibitorsystolic heart failure

Identifiers

PMID36938250
PMCPMC10016728

What Socratic holds

Textfull text, public
LicenceCC BY
reference markers read14
measurements read31
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.