ArticleCell genomics2023
The molecular consequences of androgen activity in the human breast.
Article in Cell genomics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Impact of Testosterone Supplementation on Surgical Complications in Gender-Affirming Mastectomy: A Meta-Analysis.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic Review on Gender-Affirming Testosterone Therapy and the Risk of Breast Cancer: A Challenge for Physicians Treating Patients from Transgender and Gender-Diverse Populations.Archives of sexual behavior · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of breastfeeding on cardiometabolic risk in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Observational
- The Non-Coding rs5945619 Variant at Xp11.22 and Its Putative Regulatory Effects on Nearby Genes in Ecuadorian Mestizo Women with Breast Cancer: A Case Series and In Silico Cis-eQTL Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The Human Male Mammary Gland has Similar Epithelial Populations to Female but Distinct Composition and Transcriptional Properties.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Single cell RNA-sequencing reveals that testosterone reduces estrogen signaling in the healthy human mammary gland.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2026Article
- Single cell RNA-sequencing reveals an association between testosterone treatment and reduced hormone signaling in the human mammary gland.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- [Application progress of single-cell RNA sequencing technology in breast development and related diseases].Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2025Review
- Androgen Receptors in Human Breast Cancer and Female Canine Mammary Tumors.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Genome-wide association studies are enriched for interacting genes.BioData mining · 2025Article
- Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy for Breast Cancer in Transgender and Gender-Diverse Individuals: Unresolved and Unaddressed Issues.Mayo Clinic proceedings · 2025Article
- Decoding sex differences in human immunity through systems immunology.Oxford open immunology · 2025Review
- A roadmap to reduce the incidence and mortality of breast cancer by rethinking our approach to women's health.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2025Review
- Article
- Genome wide association studies are enriched for interacting genes.Research square · 2024Article
- The androgen receptor interacts with GATA3 to transcriptionally regulate a luminal epithelial cell phenotype in breast cancer.Genome biology · 2024Article
- Integrin-associated transcriptional characteristics of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer patients.PeerJ · 2024Article
- Recent insights into the role of hormones during development and their functional regulation.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Three-dimensional genome architecture coordinates key regulators of lineage specification in mammary epithelial cells.Cell genomics · 2023Article
- Androgen receptor in breast cancer and its clinical implication.Translational breast cancer research : a journal focusing on translational research in breast cancer · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Estrogen and progesterone have been extensively studied in the mammary gland, but the molecular effects of androgen remain largely unexplored. Transgender men are recorded as female at birth but identify as male and may undergo gender-affirming androgen therapy to align their physical characteristics and gender identity. Here we perform single-cell-resolution transcriptome, chromatin, and spatial profiling of breast tissues from transgender men following androgen therapy. We find canonical androgen receptor gene targets are upregulated in cells expressing the androgen receptor and that paracrine signaling likely drives sex-relevant androgenic effects in other cell types. We also observe involution of the epithelium and a spatial reconfiguration of immune, fibroblast, and vascular cells, and identify a gene regulatory network associated with androgen-induced fat loss. This work elucidates the molecular consequences of androgen activity in the human breast at single-cell resolution.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.