Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36964494›Full record

ArticleBMC plant biology2023

Season, storage and extraction method impact on the phytochemical profile of Terminalia ivorensis.

Aliu Moomin, Wendy R Russell, Rachel M Knott, Lorraine Scobbie, Kwesi Boadu Mensah, Paa Kofi Tawiah Adu-Gyamfi, Susan J Duthie

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Article in BMC plant biology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. The GenusCombinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening · 2026
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  4. Therapeutic Potential ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
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  5. Article
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  12. Metabolomic profiling ofComputational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025
    Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
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  19. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Aliu MoominSchool of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK. aliu.moomin@abdn.ac.uk.
Wendy R RussellUniversity of Aberdeen, Rowett Institute, Foresterhill Campus, Ashgrove Road West, Scotland, AB25 2ZD, UK. w.russell@abdn.ac.uk.
Rachel M KnottSchool of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK. r.knott@rgu.ac.uk.
Lorraine ScobbieUniversity of Aberdeen, Rowett Institute, Foresterhill Campus, Ashgrove Road West, Scotland, AB25 2ZD, UK. l.scobbie@abdn.ac.uk.
Kwesi Boadu MensahDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana. kbmensah.pharm@knust.edu.gh.
Paa Kofi Tawiah Adu-GyamfiFaculty of Health and Allied Sciences, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Pentecost University College, Accra, Ghana.
Susan J DuthieSchool of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK. s.j.duthie@rgu.ac.uk.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTerminalia ivorensis (TI) is used in West African ethnomedicine for the treatment of conditions including ulcers, malaria and wounds. Despite its widespread use, the phytochemical profile of TI remains largely undetermined. This research investigated the effects of extraction method, season, and storage conditions on the phytochemical composition of TI to contribute towards understanding the potential benefits.

methodsTI bark was collected in September 2014, September 2018 and February 2018 during the rainy or dry seasons in Eastern Region, Ghana. Samples were extracted sequentially with organic solvents (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol) or using water (traditional). Metabolites were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry and compared statistically by ANOVA.

resultsA total of 82 different phytochemicals were identified across all samples. A greater yield of the major phytochemicals (44%, p < 0.05) was obtained by water as compared with organic extraction. There was also a higher concentration of metabolites present in cold (63%, p < 0.05) compared with hot water extraction. A significantly (p < 0.05) higher number of phytochemicals were identified from TI collected in the dry (85%) compared to the rainy season (69%). TI bark stored for four years retained 84% of the major phytochemicals.

conclusionThis work provides important information on composition and how this is modified by growing conditions, storage and method of extraction informing progress on the development of TI as a prophylactic formulation or medicine.

Indexed as

Plant ExtractsTerminaliaPhytochemicalsSeasonsSolventsWaterPhytochemicalsPlant ExtractsSolventsWaterLC MS/MSPhytochemicalsSeasonSecondary metabolitesSoxhlet extractionStorageTerminalia ivorensis

Identifiers

PMID36964494
PMCPMC10039578

What Socratic holds

Textfull text, public
LicenceCC BY
reference markers read1
measurements read43
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.