ReviewInflammopharmacology2023
Thalidomide interaction with inflammation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Review in Inflammopharmacology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cereblon promotes influenza A virus replication through AMPK ubiquitination.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Bicyclol: A Useful Agent for Silicosis?International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Image-Based Assessment of Anti-TNF Treatment Outcomes in Pediatric CRMO/CNO: A Single-Center Case Series.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Targeting CRBN With Thalidomide Suppresses Fibrosis After Glaucoma Drainage Surgery Through NF-κB Pathway Inhibition.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Aggravated effects of human parvovirus B19 NS1 protein on bleomycin‑induced pulmonary fibrosis.Molecular medicine reports · 2026Article
- Network pharmacology and in vitro studies demonstrate modulation of fibrotic pathways by Swertia chirayita in pulmonary fibrosis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Renaissance of Phoenix Drug Thalidomide-New Insights into Practical Clinical Application and Optimization Strategies for Managing Adverse Effects in Digestive Diseases.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Comparison of the efficacy of thalidomide combined with low-dose rituximab and low-dose rituximab alone in the treatment of steroid-resistant/refractory adult patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia: an open-label trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Biological and pharmacological roles of pyroptosis in pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis: recent advances and future directions.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Review
- Co-Mn Complex Oxide Nanoparticles as Potential Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging Agents for Pulmonary Fibrosis Treatment.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Integrated ML-Based Strategy Identifies Drug Repurposing for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.ACS omega · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The "Thalidomide tragedy" is a landmark in the history of the pharmaceutical industry. Despite limited clinical trials, there is a continuous effort to investigate thalidomide as a drug for cancer and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lepromatous leprosy, and COVID-19. This review focuses on the possibilities of targeting inflammation by repurposing thalidomide for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Articles were searched from the Scopus database, sorted, and selected articles were reviewed. The content includes the proven mechanisms of action of thalidomide relevant to IPF. Inflammation, oxidative stress, and epigenetic mechanisms are major pathogenic factors in IPF. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is the major biomarker of IPF. Thalidomide is an effective anti-inflammatory drug in inhibiting TGF-β, interleukins (IL-6 and IL-1β), and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Thalidomide binds cereblon, a process that is involved in the proposed mechanism in specific cancers such as breast cancer, colon cancer, multiple myeloma, and lung cancer. Cereblon is involved in activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-TGF-β/Smad signalling, thereby attenuating fibrosis. The past few years have witnessed an improvement in the identification of biomarkers and diagnostic technologies in respiratory diseases, partly because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, investment in clinical trials with a systematic plan can help repurpose thalidomide for pulmonary fibrosis.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.