ReviewFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2023
Effect of PCSK9 on atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and its mechanisms: Focus on immune regulation.
Review in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Determinants of circulating PCSK9 levels and the efficacy of PCSK9 inhibitor therapies in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of PCSK9 inhibitor evolocumab on preventing early neurological deterioration in acute ischemic stroke patients with or without large artery atherosclerosis: a subgroup analysis of a randomized trial.BMC neurology · 2025 · on this mapTrial
- Identification of a peptide inhibitor disrupting the PCSK9-LDLR interactionJournal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- A Mendelian randomization-based drug repurposing pipeline: application to lipid traits and coronary artery disease.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- LDL receptor-independent mechanisms of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 in cardiovascular pathophysiology.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- A Pre-Clinical Study on the Use of the Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Inhibitor PEP 2-8 to Mitigate Ischemic Injury in a Rat Marginal Donor Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Interpretable machine learning leverages proteomics to improve cardiovascular disease risk prediction and biomarker identification.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Atherosclerosis: A Comprehensive Review of Molecular Factors and Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Bibliometric analysis of studies on the lipid management of coronary heart disease from 2014 to 2023.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- The Role of Lipids in Atherosclerosis: Focus on Molecular Biology Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Investigation of the interplay of PCSK9, cardiac dynamics, oxidative stress in coronary artery disease: case-control study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Impact of PCSK9 inhibitor on T lymphocyte subsets and cytokines in patients with acute ischemic stroke: an exploratory analysis of a randomized clinical trial.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- The importance of paying attention to the role of lipid-lowering drugs in controlling dengue virus infection.Virology journal · 2024Review
- Cajaninstilbene Acid and Its Derivative as Multi-Therapeutic Agents: A Comprehensive Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The multifaceted role of PCSK9 in cancer pathogenesis, tumor immunity, and immunotherapy.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2024Review
- Targeting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9): from bench to bedside.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Inhibition of PCSK9: A Promising Enhancer for Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Immunotherapy.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2024Review
- Research progress in the correlation between SREBP/PCSK9 pathway and lipid metabolism disorders induced by antipsychotics.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2023Review
- Interorgan communication with the liver: novel mechanisms and therapeutic targets.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a basic pathological characteristic of many cardiovascular diseases, and if not effectively treated, patients with such disease may progress to atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs) and even heart failure. The level of plasma proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is significantly higher in patients with ASCVDs than in the healthy population, suggesting that it may be a promising new target for the treatment of ASCVDs. PCSK9 produced by the liver and released into circulation inhibits the clearance of plasma low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), mainly by downregulating the level of LDL-C receptor (LDLR) on the surface of hepatocytes, leading to upregulated LDL-C in plasma. Numerous studies have revealed that PCSK9 may cause poor prognosis of ASCVDs by activating the inflammatory response and promoting the process of thrombosis and cell death independent of its lipid-regulatory function, yet the underlying mechanisms still need to be further clarified. In patients with ASCVDs who are intolerant to statins or whose plasma LDL-C levels fail to descend to the target value after treatment with high-dose statins, PCSK9 inhibitors often improve their clinical outcomes. Here, we summarize the biological characteristics and functional mechanisms of PCSK9, highlighting its immunoregulatory function. We also discuss the effects of PCSK9 on common ASCVDs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.