Trial reportDrug design, development and therapy2023
Effect of Subanesthetic Dose of Esketamine on Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders in Elderly Undergoing Gastrointestinal Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Trial report in Drug design, development and therapy, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Effectiveness of ketamine/esketamine in alleviating postoperative fatigue: a systematic review.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2026Pooled it
- A comprehensive review and meta-analysis on the safety and efficacy of esketamine for emerging delirium in elderly patients.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- From neuroinflammation to neuroprotection: a bibliometric analysis of anesthesia-associated postoperative cognitive dysfunction to guide clinical research (2000-2024).Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of esketamine in preventing perioperative neurocognitive disorders: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies.Systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- The effect of esketamine on postoperative delirium in patients undergoing general anesthesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Esketamine and neurocognitive disorders in adult surgical patients: a meta-analysis.BMC anesthesiology · 2024Pooled it
- Esketamine vs. sufentanil for quality of recovery after outpatient gynecological surgery: a randomized clinical trial.Annals of medicine · 2026Trial
- ED95 of Ciprofol Combined with Esketamine or Sufentanil in Elderly Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: A Dose-Finding and Randomized Controlled Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Trial
- The effects of esketamine on postoperative delirium in older patients with fragile brain function during the non-acute phase following lung cancer surgery: a randomized controlled trial.BMC geriatrics · 2025Trial
- Effect of esketamine on postinduction hypotension in elderly patients undergoing elective noncardiac surgery: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Low-dose Esketamine combined with Propofol in microscopic pediatric strabismus surgery: a randomized controlled study.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Trial
- Effects of Esketamine on Postoperative Delirium and Postoperative Cognitive Function in Elderly Gastrointestinal Tumor Patients with Preoperative Anxiety.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Trial
- Effect of Esketamine on Cognitive Recovery After Propofol Sedation for Outpatient Colonoscopy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Trial
- Effect of Opioid-Free Anesthesia on the Quality of Early Recovery After Total Hip Arthroplasty in Elderly Patients (Aged 65-80 Years) as Assessed by the QoR-15 Score: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Trial
- Effects of Esketamine Combined with Dexmedetomidine on Early Postoperative Cognitive Function in Elderly Patients Undergoing Lumbar Spinal Surgery: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2024Trial
- Effect of Low-Dose Esketamine on Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients Undergoing Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2024Trial
- Comparison Between Esketamine and Alfentanil for Hysteroscopy: A Prospective, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2024Trial
- Effect of Esketamine Added to Propofol Sedation on Desaturation and Hypotension in Bidirectional Endoscopy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND), including delayed neurocognitive recovery (dNCR) and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), are common postoperative complications in elderly patients and adversely affect their prognosis. The study was designed to explore the effects of esketamine on postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients who underwent gastrointestinal surgery under general anesthesia and its potential mechanism. Methods: Eighty-four patients aged 65 and above undergoing gastrointestinal surgery were randomly divided into 2 groups: the esketamine group (group S) and the control group (group C). Group S received intravenous sub-anesthetic doses of esketamine (0.15 mg/kg) 5 minutes before the initiation of surgery, while group C received the same volume of saline. A battery of neuropsychological tests was used to assess cognitive function before surgery, 7 days, and 3 months after surgery. The primary outcome was the incidence of dNCR at 7 days postoperatively and POCD at 3 months postoperatively in both groups. The secondary outcome measures included changes in the levels of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and calcium-binding protein β (S100β) before and 1 day after surgery. Results: The incidence of dNCR in group S was lower than that of group C (18.15% vs 38.24% P=0.033). Contrarily, there was no difference in both groups regarding POCD 3 months postoperatively (6.06% vs 14.37% P=0.247). Plasma IL-6 and S100β levels were significantly elevated in both groups on postoperative day 1 (p<0.05), but esketamine pretreatment reduced these levels to some extent compared with group C (p<0.05). Conclusion: Sub-anesthetic doses of esketamine might reduce the incidence of dNCR and improve early postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery, which might be related to the anti-neuroinflammation effects of esketamine.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.