ReviewDiabetologia2023
The expanding incretin universe: from basic biology to clinical translation.
Review in Diabetologia, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 136 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
136 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 202 citations in OpenAlex.
- Injection-site and dermatologic reactions associated with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: Insights from meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and real-world evidence.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic Review: Efficacy, Safety and Metabolic Outcomes of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2026Pooled it
- Impact of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists on Mental Illness: Evidence from a Mendelian Randomization Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Low-calorie, high-protein diets, regardless of protein source, improve glucose metabolism and cardiometabolic profiles in subjects with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Trial
- Gut-derived appetite hormones do not explain energy intake differences in humans following low-carbohydrate versus low-fat diets.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2024Trial
- Fasting gut hormone levels following long-term recovery from Anorexia Nervosa: A cross-sectional study.Journal of eating disorders · 2026Article
- Glycemic and bodyweight effects ofScience advances · 2026Article
- Contractile effects of dulaglutide in the human atrium.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Anti-Obesity Medications in Longevity and Aesthetic Medicine.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Computational discovery of fenugreek-paitan-turmeric (FPT) bioactive compounds targeting SGLT2 and DPP-4 for glucose homeostasis regulation.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2026Article
- The Pleiotropic Therapeutic Perspectives of GLP-1 and GIP Receptor Agonists in Spinal Cord Injury: A Narrative Review.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Oral Health Implications of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Other Incretin-Based Therapies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Oral glucose absorption is enhanced in early metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Gestational Arsenic Exposure Induces Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease-like Phenotypes in Middle-Aged Offspring.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- CD59 drives diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.npj metabolic health and disease · 2026Article
- Synergistic Intervention for Obesity: Integrating Central Appetite Regulation and Peripheral Energy Expenditure.Current obesity reports · 2026Review
- Tirzepatide-associated interstitial kidney injury.JCEM case reports · 2026Article
- Dysesthesia associated with GLP-1 agonist therapies: data-mining analysis and literature review.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Review
- Epithelial TMPRSS2 impairs glucose homeostasis in obese mice by regulating ghrelin-GLP-1 receptor signaling pathway.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Evaluating the Safety Profile of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: Adverse Events and Clinical Recommendations.Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome · 2026Review
76 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Incretin hormones, principally glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1), potentiate meal-stimulated insulin secretion through direct (GIP + GLP-1) and indirect (GLP-1) actions on islet β-cells. GIP and GLP-1 also regulate glucagon secretion, through direct and indirect pathways. The incretin hormone receptors (GIPR and GLP-1R) are widely distributed beyond the pancreas, principally in the brain, cardiovascular and immune systems, gut and kidney, consistent with a broad array of extrapancreatic incretin actions. Notably, the glucoregulatory and anorectic activities of GIP and GLP-1 have supported development of incretin-based therapies for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Here we review evolving concepts of incretin action, focusing predominantly on GLP-1, from discovery, to clinical proof of concept, to therapeutic outcomes. We identify established vs uncertain mechanisms of action, highlighting biology conserved across species, while illuminating areas of active investigation and uncertainty that require additional clarification.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.