ReviewBiomedicines2023
Dopamine Dynamics and Neurobiology of Non-Response to Antipsychotics, Relevance for Treatment Resistant Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal.
Review in Biomedicines, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- RP-HPLC quantification and separation of isomeric bacosides and exploration of their anti-schizophrenic potential by network pharmacology.RSC advances · 2026Article
- Optimizing Management of Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia in Japan: Promoting a Refined Clozapine Titration Protocol and Addressing the 'Clozapine Ceiling' through Glutamatergic Modulation.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2026Article
- The prospective incidence of treatment-resistant schizophrenia: analysis of the CATIE trial using the TRRIP consensus.BJPsych open · 2026Article
- Aberrant Fear: Biological Underpinnings Relevant to Psychosis, Antipsychotic Drugs, and Psychotherapeutic Treatments, a Translational Approach.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Common molecular signatures: the role of BDNF, melatonin, and orexin in the ASD-schizophrenia continuum.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Genetic predisposition to unwanted side effects under antidepressants and antipsychotics: a molecular-genetic study of 902 patients over 6 weeks.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- What is the Impact of Dopamine D2 Receptor in the Brain-Gut Axis? A Narrative Review of the Mechanism Based on Gut Microbiota in Modulating Emotion and Behavior.Alpha psychiatry · 2025Review
- Molecular Underpinning of Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: A Putative Different Neurobiology from Treatment-Responsive Schizophrenia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Genetic determinants of antidepressant and antipsychotic drug response.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- The Role of Dopamine in Neurological, Psychiatric, and Metabolic Disorders and Cancer: A Complex Web of Interactions.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Psychedelic-Induced Neural Plasticity: A Comprehensive Review and a Discussion of Clinical Implications.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Diagnosis of Schizophrenia and Its Subtypes Using MRI and Machine Learning.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Response to clozapine in treatment resistant schizophrenia is related to alterations in regional cerebral blood flow.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- How antipsychotics work in schizophrenia: a primer on mechanisms.CNS spectrums · 2024Review
- Next-Generation Proteomics of Brain Extracellular Vesicles in Schizophrenia Provide New Clues on the Altered Molecular Connectome.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Six Decades of Dopamine Hypothesis: Is Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor the New D2?Reports (MDPI) · 2023Review
- CHL1 depletion affects dopamine receptor D2-dependent modulation of mouse behavior.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS) is characterized by a lack of, or suboptimal response to, antipsychotic agents. The biological underpinnings of this clinical condition are still scarcely understood. Since all antipsychotics block dopamine D2 receptors (D2R), dopamine-related mechanisms should be considered the main candidates in the neurobiology of antipsychotic non-response, although other neurotransmitter systems play a role. The aims of this review are: (i) to recapitulate and critically appraise the relevant literature on dopamine-related mechanisms of TRS; (ii) to discuss the methodological limitations of the studies so far conducted and delineate a theoretical framework on dopamine mechanisms of TRS; and (iii) to highlight future perspectives of research and unmet needs. Dopamine-related neurobiological mechanisms of TRS may be multiple and putatively subdivided into three biological points: (1) D2R-related, including increased D2R levels; increased density of D2Rs in the high-affinity state; aberrant D2R dimer or heteromer formation; imbalance between D2R short and long variants; extrastriatal D2Rs; (2) presynaptic dopamine, including low or normal dopamine synthesis and/or release compared to responder patients; and (3) exaggerated postsynaptic D2R-mediated neurotransmission. Future points to be addressed are: (i) a more neurobiologically-oriented phenotypic categorization of TRS; (ii) implementation of neurobiological studies by directly comparing treatment resistant vs. treatment responder patients; (iii) development of a reliable animal model of non-response to antipsychotics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.