ArticleBiomedicines2023
Challenging the Pleiotropic Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Geriatric Depression: A Multimodal Case Series Study.
Article in Biomedicines, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for post-traumatic stress disorder in adults.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with cognitive training on cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Pooled it
- Update on Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Post-Stroke Cognitive Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease and Parkinsonian Syndromes: A Narrative Expert Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Transcranial Stimulation Methods in the Treatment of MDD Patients-The Role of the Neurotrophin System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Induces Cognitive Recovery in Alzheimer's Disease via GABAergic Neuron Activation of the Cx3cl1-Cx3cr1 Axis.Cell proliferation · 2025Article
- Antidepressant and Related Neurobiological and Neurophysiological Effects of Add-On Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Major Depressive Disorder with Residual Symptoms: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial Protocol.Methods and protocols · 2025Article
- Most prominent challenges in translational neuroscience and strategic solutions to bridge the gaps: Perspectives from an editorial board interrogation.Exploration of neuroscience · 2025Article
- Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Applications in the Study of Executive Functions: A Review.Brain and behavior · 2024Review
- Clinical Updates and Perspectives on Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Effect of high-frequency (5Hz) rTMS stimulating left DLPFC combined with galantamine on cognitive impairment after ischemic stroke and serum homocysteine and neuron-specific enolase.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Editorial: New trends in the treatment of mood disorders.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough the antidepressant potential of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), the pleiotropic effects in geriatric depression (GD) are poorly investigated. We tested rTMS on depression, cognitive performance, growth/neurotrophic factors, cerebral blood flow (CBF) to transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD), and motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) to TMS in GD.
methodsIn this case series study, six drug-resistant subjects (median age 68.0 years) underwent MEPs at baseline and after 3 weeks of 10 Hz rTMS on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The percentage change of serum nerve growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, brain-derived growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-1, and angiogenin was obtained. Assessments were performed at baseline, and at the end of rTMS; psychocognitive tests were also repeated after 1, 3, and 6 months.
resultsChronic cerebrovascular disease was evident in five patients. No adverse/undesirable effect was reported. An improvement in mood was observed after rTMS but not at follow-up. Electrophysiological data to TMS remained unchanged, except for an increase in the right median MEP amplitude. TCD and neurotrophic/growth factors did not change.
conclusionsWe were unable to detect a relevant impact of high-frequency rTMS on mood, cognition, cortical microcircuits, neurotrophic/growth factors, and CBF. Cerebrovascular disease and exposure to multiple pharmacological treatments might have contributed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.