ArticleCancers2023
Sex Differences in the Systemic and Local Immune Response of Pancreatic Cancer Patients.
Article in Cancers, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex determines the natural killer cell-mediated immunity against pancreatic cancer.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- A pan-cancer single-cell atlas uncovers the role of sex hormones and chromosomes in sex-divergent reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- <p>Unveiling sex differences in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Current evidence and future directions (Review)</p>.International journal of oncology · 2026Review
- Toward Sex-Specific Biomaterials Innovation: A Perspective.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2025Review
- Differential causal networks highlight sex-based differences in human tissues.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2025Article
- Mechanistic insights curcumin's anti-inflammatory in pancreatic cancer: experimental and computational evidence implicating IL1B interferenceFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Article
- Sex-Related Differences in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Progression and Response to Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- HLA-E and Its Soluble Form as Indicators of a Sex-Specific Immune Response in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMounting evidence suggests that sex plays a critical role in various aspects of cancer such as immune responses. However, a male bias exists in human and non-human studies including immunotherapy trials. The role of sex on immune responses in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is unclear.
methodsHere, tumor tissues (tumor and stroma separately) and corresponding blood samples from patients with PDA (
resultsFemales showed a stronger systemic immune response with higher levels of CXCL9, IL1B, IL6, IL10 and IL13. Additionally, more peripheral white blood cells were detected in females. In the microenvironment, males showed higher tumoral levels of CXCL12. No differences were detected in the stroma. Females showed a tendency towards an anti-tumoral immune cell profile. CXCL12 blockade indicated a differential microenvironmental effect by sex in an independent immunotherapy trial cohort of patients with PDA (one female, five males). The overall survival did not differ by sex in our cohort.
conclusionSystemic and local immune responses differ between sexes in PDA. Accordingly, sex-dependent differences need to be considered in human studies and for specific immunological interventions before clinical translation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.