ArticleBlood2023
How I treat refractory CRS and ICANS after CAR T-cell therapy.
Article in Blood, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06072989 (A Single Arm, Open Label Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Antitumor Activity of B4T2-001 CAR-T in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors), which is not on this map. Cited by 171 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Single Arm, Open Label Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Antitumor Activity of B4T2-001 CAR-T in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors
Who cites it
171 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Safety profiles of CAR-T cell therapy in systematic autoimmune diseases: a systematic review and analysis.Immunologic research · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy-safety trade-off and patient selection: a meta-analysis informing clinical choice between CAR-T and bispecific antibodies for R/R B-NHL.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- The role of chemokines and interleukins in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a systematic review.Journal of applied biomedicine · 2024Pooled it
- Comparison of CAR T-cell and bispecific antibody as third-line or later-line treatments for multiple myeloma: a meta-analysis.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Pooled it
- A Systematic Review on the Dual Role of Interleukin-1 in CAR T-Cell Therapy: Enhancer and Mitigator.Iranian biomedical journal · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of bispecific antibodies therapy for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective clinical trials.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy for Myeloma: Where Are We Now and What Is Needed to Move Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Forward to Earlier Lines of Therapy? Expert Panel Opinion from the American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy.Transplantation and cellular therapy · 2024Guideline
- Efficacy and safety of third-generation CD19-CAR T cells incorporating CD28 and TLR2 intracellular domains for B-cell malignancies with central nervous system involvement: results of a pivotal trial.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Trial
- CRS and ICANS: Early detection and personalized management.Blood research · 2026Review
- Delirium in the oncology intensive care unit: Risk, recognition, and recovery strategies.World journal of critical care medicine · 2026Review
- Early neurologic response predicts outcomes after anakinra for immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome.Blood advances · 2026Article
- Infection-Related Adverse Events of Tisagenlecleucel in Pediatric Relapsed/Refractory B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A FAERS Pharmacovigilance Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- ICANS mitigation in high-risk elderly patients treated with CD28 co-stimulatory anti-CD19 CAR-T cells using a standardization protocol: a pilot study.Haematologica · 2026Article
- A radiopharmaceutical enhances CAR T cells against radio-sensitive and radio-resistant neuroblastoma by tumor sensitization and TME remodeling.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Advancing CAR-NK cell therapy in solid tumors: Current landscape and future directions.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Review
- A novel severe toxicity-free, and progression-free survival endpoint predicts outcomes after CD19 chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapy in large B-cell lymphoma.Bone marrow transplantation · 2026Article
- CAR-NK cell therapy for hematological malignancies.Blood advances · 2026Review
- Guided immunotherapy for residual solid tumor: integrating platelets and CAR T cells to reduce post-surgical recurrence.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Cognitive dysfunction associated with cellular immunotherapy for cancer.Neuro-oncology advances · 2026Review
- Extracorporeal Cytokine Hemadsorption for the Treatment of Severe Steroid Refractory Cytokine Release Syndrome Secondary to T-Cell Immunotherapy for B-Cell Malignancies: A Case Series.Hematological oncology · 2026Article
111 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The clinical use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is growing rapidly because of the expanding indications for standard-of-care treatment and the development of new investigational products. The establishment of consensus diagnostic criteria for cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), alongside the steady use of both tocilizumab and corticosteroids for treatment, have been essential in facilitating the widespread use. Preemptive interventions to prevent more severe toxicities have improved safety, facilitating CAR T-cell therapy in medically frail populations and in those at high risk of severe CRS/ICANS. Nonetheless, the development of persistent or progressive CRS and ICANS remains problematic because it impairs patient outcomes and is challenging to treat. In this case-based discussion, we highlight a series of cases of CRS and/or ICANS refractory to front-line interventions. We discuss our approach to managing refractory toxicities that persist or progress beyond initial tocilizumab or corticosteroid administration, delineate risk factors for severe toxicities, highlight the emerging use of anakinra, and review mitigation strategies and supportive care measures to improve outcomes in patients who develop these refractory toxicities.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.