Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37019296›Full record

ArticleEnvironmental research2023

The influence of meteorological factors on COVID-19 spread in Italy during the first and second wave.

Erica Balboni, Tommaso Filippini, Kenneth J Rothman, Sofia Costanzini, Stefania Bellino, Patrizio Pezzotti, Silvio Brusaferro, Fabrizio Ferrari, Nicola Orsini, Sergio Teggi and 1 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Environmental research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
3.1field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Mitigating indoor risk of airborne infections using COJournal of environmental health science & engineering · 2026
    Article
  2. UV Index from ERA5 reanalysis.Scientific reports · 2026
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.

Erica BalboniEnvironmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Health Physics Unit, Modena Policlinico University Hospital, Modena, Italy.
Tommaso FilippiniEnvironmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Kenneth J RothmanDepartment of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Sofia CostanziniDepartment of Engineering 'Enzo Ferrari', University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
Stefania BellinoDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy.
Patrizio PezzottiDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy.
Silvio BrusaferroPresidency, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
Fabrizio FerrariTerrAria S.r.l., Milan, Italy.
Nicola OrsiniDepartment of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Sergio TeggiDepartment of Engineering 'Enzo Ferrari', University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
Marco VincetiEnvironmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: marco.vinceti@unimore.it.
University of Modena and Reggio Emilia · ITBoston University · USKarolinska Institutet · SETerna (Italy) · ITUniversity of Udine · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The relation between meteorological factors and COVID-19 spread remains uncertain, particularly with regard to the role of temperature, relative humidity and solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. To assess this relation, we investigated disease spread within Italy during 2020. The pandemic had a large and early impact in Italy, and during 2020 the effects of vaccination and viral variants had not yet complicated the dynamics. We used non-linear, spline-based Poisson regression of modeled temperature, UV and relative humidity, adjusting for mobility patterns and additional confounders, to estimate daily rates of COVID-19 new cases, hospital and intensive care unit admissions, and deaths during the two waves of the pandemic in Italy during 2020. We found little association between relative humidity and COVID-19 endpoints in both waves, whereas UV radiation above 40 kJ/m

Indexed as

COVID-19HumansHumidityItalyMeteorological ConceptsSARS-CoV-2TemperatureCOVID-19HumidityMeteorological factorsTemperatureUltraviolet radiation

Identifiers

PMID37019296
PMCPMC10069087
OpenAlexW4362589549

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.