GuidelineIndian journal of ophthalmology2023
Aqueous-deficient dry eye disease: Preferred practice pattern guidelines on clinical approach, diagnosis, and management.
Guideline in Indian journal of ophthalmology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lacrimal gland organoids: A systematic review on development, characterization, molecular profiling and translational potential in dry eye disease.Experimental eye research · 2026Pooled it
- Safety and Efficacy of Diquafosol Compared to Artificial Tears for the Treatment of Dry Eye: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Punctal cautery in dry eye disease: A systematic review.The ocular surface · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- Article
- Technological Interventions for Dry Eye Disease: A Systematic Review and Random-Effects Network Meta-analysis of 3-Month Outcomes.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- Gut-ocular surface axis in dry eye disease: phenotype-specific mechanisms, evidence, and microbiome-targeted interventions.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Impact of Time of Day on Dry Eye Disease: Findings from a Large Dry Eye Clinic Cohort.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Comparative Efficacy of Cyclosporine, Tacrolimus, and Neurostimulatory Nasal Sprays for Moderate-to-Severe Dry Eye Disease: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Ayurvedic management of Non-Sjögren's Dry Eye (Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Relationship between lacrimal gland changes and corneal parameters in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome and non-Sjögren's syndrome-related dry eye.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Efficacy and safety of pilocarpine as a secretagogue versus artificial tears in the management of dry eye disease.Medical hypothesis, discovery & innovation ophthalmology journal · 2026Article
- Cyclic extranasal neurostimulation for dry eye disease: a 4-week stimulation and 6-week intermission regimen based on neural adaptation dynamics.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2025Article
- Dry Eye Disease Management Via Technological Methods: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2025Article
- Navigating the Dry Eye Therapeutic Puzzle: A Mechanism-Based Overview of Current Treatments.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Applications of Diquafosol Sodium in Ophthalmology: A Comprehensive Review of Therapeutic Utility.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Overview of Dry Eye Disease for Primary Care Physicians.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Dry eye disease treatment improves subjective quality-of-life responses in patients with AMD, independent of disease stage.PloS one · 2025Article
- Changes in human tear metabolome following topical 0.05% cyclosporine A on primary Sjögren's syndrome.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Overview of 37 Tear Substitutes in Europe Based on Various Physicochemical Parameters.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a broad term that includes a diverse group of clinical disorders. Aqueous-deficient dry eye (ADDE), a subtype of DED, is characterized by decreased tear production by the lacrimal gland. It can be seen in up to one-third of individuals with DED and can be comorbid with a systemic autoimmune process or occur secondary to an environmental insult. Since ADDE can be a source of long-term suffering and severe visual impairment, early identification and adequate treatment are imperative. Multiple etiologies can underlie ADDE, and it is critical to identify the underlying cause to not only improve the ocular health but also to improve the overall quality of life and well-being of affected individuals. This review discusses the various etiologies of ADDE, highlights a pathophysiology-based approach for evaluating underlying contributors, outlines various diagnostic tests, and reviews treatment options. We present the current standards and discuss ongoing research in this field. Through this review, we propose a treatment algorithm that would be useful for an ophthalmologist in diagnosing and managing individuals with ADDE.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.