ArticleDiabetes care2023
Prevalence, Progression, and Modifiable Risk Factors for Diabetic Retinopathy in Youth and Young Adults With Youth-Onset Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study.
Article in Diabetes care, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for the occurrence and progression of diabetic retinopathy in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2024: Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2024Guideline
- Autonomous artificial intelligence increases screening and follow-up for diabetic retinopathy in youth: the ACCESS randomized control trial.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- Neuroretinal Layer Thinning on OCT Imaging and Hemoglobin A1c in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes.JAMA ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Retinal Neurophysiological Parameters in Young Patients With Type 1 Diabetes.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Using OCT Angiography to Predict Diabetic Retinopathy Progression and Vision Decline in a Multiethnic Cohort.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Diabetic retinopathy: why some eyes suffer more - a focus on retina-specific risk factors and metabolic memory.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- OCT Angiography of Chorioretinal Microvasculature in Children with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes without Retinopathy.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- 12. Retinopathy, Neuropathy, and Foot Care: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026.Diabetes care · 2026Review
- Classification of Japanese type 1 diabetes based on clinical phenotypes and its association with diabetic complications: Across-sectional study.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2025Observational
- High rate of complications in a real-world cohort of youth with T2D: a multicenter analysis.Journal of diabetes and its complications · 2025Article
- Report of the 2023 Mary Tyler Moore Vision Initiative Workshop.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: What We've Learned From Key Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Studies, What We Still Don't Know, and Why It Is Important.Diabetes care · 2025Review
- Validation of a Deep Learning Model for Diabetic Retinopathy on Patients with Young-Onset Diabetes.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2025Article
- Peptides based on the interface of hnRNPA2B1-transthyretin complex repress retinal angiogenesis in diabetic retinopathy.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- 2025 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2025Review
- Vulnerable parafoveal microcirculation quadrant in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Inclusive Drug Designing of Novel Indole Derivatives using Rationale, Pharmacophore Mapping and Molecular Docking.Anti-inflammatory & anti-allergy agents in medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- 12. Retinopathy, Neuropathy, and Foot Care: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2025.Diabetes care · 2025Review
- Central Macular Thickness and Foveal Avascular Zone are Indicators of Early Diabetic Retinopathy.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 10 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determine the prevalence, progression, and modifiable risk factors associated with the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in a population-based cohort of youth-onset diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsWe conducted a multicenter, population-based prospective cohort study (2002-2019) of youth and young adults with youth-onset type 1 diabetes (n = 2,519) and type 2 diabetes (n = 447). Modifiable factors included baseline and change from baseline to follow-up in BMI z score, waist/height ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure z score, and A1C. DR included evidence of mild or moderate nonproliferative DR or proliferative retinopathy. Prevalence estimates were standardized to estimate the burden of DR, and inverse probability weighting for censoring was applied for estimating risk factors for DR at two points of follow-up.
resultsDR in youth-onset type 1 and type 2 diabetes is highly prevalent, with 52% of those with type 1 diabetes and 56% of those with type 2 diabetes demonstrating retinal changes at follow-up (mean [SD] 12.5 [2.2] years from diagnosis). Higher baseline A1C, increase in A1C across follow-up, and increase in diastolic and systolic blood pressure were associated with the observation of DR at follow-up for both diabetes types. Increase in A1C across follow-up was associated with retinopathy progression. BMI z score and waist/height ratio were inconsistently associated, with both positive and inverse associations noted.
conclusionsExtrapolated to all youth-onset diabetes in the U.S., we estimate 110,051 cases of DR developing within ∼12 years postdiagnosis. Tight glucose and blood pressure management may offer the opportunity to mitigate development and progression of DR in youth-onset diabetes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.