ArticleVaccine2023
Promises and challenges of mucosal COVID-19 vaccines.
Article in Vaccine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunomodulatory Role of Milk on Gut Microbiota: Implications for Enhancing Oral Vaccine Efficacy.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Intranasal DC-targeting vaccine booster elicits durable and cross-clade protective immunity against sarbecoviruses in mice.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Rapid decline of SARS-CoV-2-specific salivary IgA antibody levels in people with hybrid immunity-data from the STOPCoV study.ImmunoHorizons · 2025Article
- Recent Advancements in Non-Invasive Vaccination Strategies.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Mucosal Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 Using Human ProbioticVaccines · 2025Article
- Product and trial design considerations on the path towards a vaccine to combat opioid overdose.NPJ vaccines · 2025Review
- SARS-CoV-2 Evolution: Implications for Diagnosis, Treatment, Vaccine Effectiveness and Development.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Developing a potent vaccine againstExpert reviews in molecular medicine · 2024Review
- Article
- Evolving vaccine discovery and development pathways for emerging pathogens.EBioMedicine · 2024Article
- Review
- The rising SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 variant: evolution, infectivity, immune escape, and response strategies.MedComm · 2024Article
- Nanoparticle-Mediated Mucosal Vaccination: Harnessing Nucleic Acids for Immune Enhancement.Current microbiology · 2024Review
- Review
- Protection of K18-hACE2 Mice against SARS-CoV-2 Challenge by a Capsid Virus-like Particle-Based Vaccine.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Review
- Humoral immunogenicity assessment after receiving three types of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.Scientific reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing pandemic caused by the newly emerged virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, COVID-19 vaccines are given intramuscularly and they have been shown to evoke systemic immune responses that are highly efficacious towards preventing severe disease and death. However, vaccine-induced immunity wanes within a short time, and booster doses are currently recommended. Furthermore, current vaccine formulations do not adequately restrict virus infection at the mucosal sites, such as in the nasopharyngeal tract and, therefore, have limited capacity to block virus transmission. With these challenges in mind, several mucosal vaccines are currently being developed with the aim of inducing long-lasting protective immune responses at the mucosal sites where SARS-COV-2 infection begins. Past successes in mucosal vaccinations underscore the potential of these developmental stage SARS-CoV-2 vaccines to reduce disease burden, if not eliminate it altogether. Here, we discuss immune responses that are triggered at the mucosal sites and recent advances in our understanding of mucosal responses induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection and current COVID-19 vaccines. We also highlight several mucosal SARS-COV-2 vaccine formulations that are currently being developed or tested for human use and discuss potential challenges to mucosal vaccination.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.