ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
The Expression of Insulin in the Central Nervous System: What Have We Learned So Far?
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Central βVeterinary research communications · 2026Article
- Narrative review of rationale for IV deferoxamine plus intranasal insulin to ameliorate brain damage following resuscitation from cardiac arrest.Resuscitation plus · 2026Review
- Expanding the understanding of insulin resistance in brain and periphery.Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM · 2026Review
- Evaluation of distinct and similar pathological features between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease.EXCLI journal · 2026Review
- Network toxicology, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations for bisphenol A neurotoxicity in depression pathogenesis.PloS one · 2026Article
- Fueling the brain - the role of apolipoprotein E in brain energy metabolism and its implications for Alzheimer's disease.Translational psychiatry · 2025Review
- A Review of the Relationship Between Insulin and Bone Health.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Insulin in Myenteric Neurons: Time-Dependent and Regional Changes in Type 1 Diabetic Rats.Cells · 2025Article
- Abnormal insulin metabolism and decreased levels of mindfulness in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Diabetes-related cognitive impairment: Mechanisms, symptoms, and treatments.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2025Review
- Extrinsic and intrinsic control of striatal cholinergic interneuron activity.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2025Review
- Ischemic Neuroprotection by Insulin with Down-Regulation of Divalent Metal Transporter 1 (DMT1) Expression and Ferrous Iron-Dependent Cell Death.Biomolecules · 2024Article
- A brain-derived insulin signal encodes protein satiety for nutrient-specific feeding inhibition.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Variable bioenergetic sensitivity of neurons and astrocytes to insulin and extracellular glucose.npj metabolic health and disease · 2024Article
- FOXO inBiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
After being discovered over a century ago, insulin was long considered to be a hormone exclusively produced by the pancreas. Insulin presence was later discovered in the brain, which was originally accounted for by its transport across the blood-brain barrier. Considering that both insulin mRNA and insulin were detected in the central nervous system (CNS), it is now known that this hormone is also synthesized in several brain regions, including the hypothalamus, hippocampus, cerebral and cerebellar cortex, and olfactory bulb. Although many roles of insulin in the CNS have been described, it was initially unknown which of them could be attributed to brain-derived and which to pancreatic insulin or whether their actions in the brain overlap. However, more and more studies have been emerging lately, focusing solely on the roles of brain-derived insulin. The aim of this review was to present the latest findings on the roles of brain-derived insulin, including neuroprotection, control of growth hormone secretion, and regulation of appetite and neuronal glucose uptake. Lastly, the impairment of signaling initiated by brain-derived insulin was addressed in regard to memory decline in humans.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.