ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
Interferons and Resistance Mechanisms in Tumors and Pathogen-Driven Diseases-Focus on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Antigen Processing Pathway.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence-steered medicine in oncology: network-aware micro-combinations that safeguard standard of care and potentially improve benefit-risk.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Research Progress on the Major Histocompatibility Complex in Herbivores: Structure, Genetics, and Disease Resistance.Biology · 2026Review
- Plant-Derived Compounds as Potential Sensitizers to Immunotherapy in Melanoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Molecular origin, discovery, validation and application of neoantigens.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Review
- "Cytokine-Mediated tumor sensitization: mechanistic frameworks and therapeutic opportunities in cancer Immunotherapy".Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Ultrastructural Features, Immune Response, and Junctional Proteins in the Seminiferous Epithelium of SARS-CoV-2-Infected Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Esophageal Small Cell Carcinoma: From Bench Discoveries to Bedside Therapeutics.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Reconceptualizing glioblastoma immunotherapy: a four-pillar framework to overcome multidimensional resistance.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- An agent-based learning model integrating sex differences in renal cell carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Immunohistochemical Expression of HLA Classes I and II in Neonatal Cholestatic Liver Disease.Iranian journal of pathology · 2026Article
- Review
- Immune evasion in cancer: mechanisms and cutting-edge therapeutic approaches.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- In Situ Tumor Vaccination Using Lipid Nanoparticles to Deliver Interferon-β mRNA Cargo.Vaccines · 2025Article
- IFN-γ-Driven macrophage responses in the immunity toFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Integrating molecular targeting and immune modulation in triple-negative breast cancer: from mechanistic insights to therapeutic innovation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Adoptive cell therapy against tumor immune evasion: mechanisms, innovations, and future directions.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Keratinocyte-Mediated Antigen Presentation in Psoriasis: Preliminary Insights from In Vitro Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Variances in the Expression Profile of Circadian Clock-Related Genes in Astrocytic Brain Tumors.Cancers · 2024Article
- AMPKα2 promotes tumor immune escape by inducing CD8+ T-cell exhaustion and CD4+ Treg cell formation in liver hepatocellular carcinoma.BMC cancer · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs), divided into type I, type II, and type III IFNs represent proteins that are secreted from cells in response to various stimuli and provide important information for understanding the evolution, structure, and function of the immune system, as well as the signaling pathways of other cytokines and their receptors. They exert comparable, but also distinct physiologic and pathophysiologic activities accompanied by pleiotropic effects, such as the modulation of host responses against bacterial and viral infections, tumor surveillance, innate and adaptive immune responses. IFNs were the first cytokines used for the treatment of tumor patients including hairy leukemia, renal cell carcinoma, and melanoma. However, tumor cells often develop a transient or permanent resistance to IFNs, which has been linked to the escape of tumor cells and unresponsiveness to immunotherapies. In addition, loss-of-function mutations in IFN signaling components have been associated with susceptibility to infectious diseases, such as COVID-19 and mycobacterial infections. In this review, we summarize general features of the three IFN families and their function, the expression and activity of the different IFN signal transduction pathways, and their role in tumor immune evasion and pathogen clearance, with links to alterations in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II antigen processing machinery (APM). In addition, we discuss insights regarding the clinical applications of IFNs alone or in combination with other therapeutic options including immunotherapies as well as strategies reversing the deficient IFN signaling. Therefore, this review provides an overview on the function and clinical relevance of the different IFN family members, with a specific focus on the MHC pathways in cancers and infections and their contribution to immune escape of tumors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.