ArticleBrain communications2023
Association of biological sex with clinical outcomes and biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease in adults with Down syndrome.
Article in Brain communications, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative efficacy of cognitive training modalities in cognitive impairment: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2025Pooled it
- Blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Pooled it
- Symptoms and age of prodromal Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Pooled it
- Neuroprotective effects and possible mechanisms of berberine in animal models of Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Ageing in Adults With Mild and Moderate Intellectual Disabilities in Brazil: A Biopsychosocial Comparison of Individuals With and Without Down Syndrome.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR · 2026Observational
- The Role of Genetic Alterations in the Emergence of Alzheimer's Disease in Down Syndrome: A Review.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Review
- An exploratory multimodal pipeline for recurrence prediction in CRC with XELOX therapy.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Intraindividual cognitive variability predicts amyloid beta, tau PET, and dementia conversion in Down syndrome: a potential marker of cognitive resilience.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Three-dimensional interactive network: Mitochondrial-metabolic-calcium homeostasis driving Alzheimer's disease.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- Use of anti-amyloid-β monoclonal antibodies in persons with Down syndrome Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Neuropathological measures of increased tau phosphorylation across the Down syndrome lifespan.Acta neuropathologica · 2026Article
- CSF microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3A and 3B levels are associated with tau pathology and Alzheimer's disease risk through amyloid deposition and microglial signaling.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Short tandem repeat expansions in patients with neurodegenerative dementia.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Searching for New Possible Peripheral Biomarkers of Cognitive Decline in Down Syndrome: The Role of IL-18 Pathway and its Interaction with TGF-β1 and TNF-α.Neuromolecular medicine · 2026Observational
- Distinct brain regions are affected by neurodevelopmental or pre-dementia changes in Down syndrome.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Different structural brain patterns and their association with executive function and general cognitive ability in cognitively normal elderly adults.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Single-cell landscape of sex-specific drivers of Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Novel predictors of Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome identified using machine learning.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Article
- Predicting cognitive decline using tongue pressure: a novel, non-invasive screening strategy for dementia in geriatric dentistry.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2025Article
- Plasma p-tau217 as a biomarker of Alzheimer's disease pathology in individuals with Down syndrome.Nature communications · 2025Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
36 authors at 9 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The study of sex differences in Alzheimer's disease is increasingly recognized as a key priority in research and clinical development. People with Down syndrome represent the largest population with a genetic link to Alzheimer's disease (>90% in the 7th decade). Yet, sex differences in Alzheimer's disease manifestations have not been fully investigated in these individuals, who are key candidates for preventive clinical trials. In this double-centre, cross-sectional study of 628 adults with Down syndrome [46% female, 44.4 (34.6; 50.7) years], we compared Alzheimer's disease prevalence, as well as cognitive outcomes and AT(N) biomarkers across age and sex. Participants were recruited from a population-based health plan in Barcelona, Spain, and from a convenience sample recruited via services for people with intellectual disabilities in England and Scotland. They underwent assessment with the Cambridge Cognitive Examination for Older Adults with Down Syndrome, modified cued recall test and determinations of brain amyloidosis (CSF amyloid-β 42 / 40 and amyloid-PET), tau pathology (CSF and plasma phosphorylated-tau181) and neurodegeneration biomarkers (CSF and plasma neurofilament light, total-tau, fluorodeoxyglucose-PET and MRI). We used within-group locally estimated scatterplot smoothing models to compare the trajectory of biomarker changes with age in females versus males, as well as by apolipoprotein ɛ4 carriership. Our work revealed similar prevalence, age at diagnosis and Cambridge Cognitive Examination for Older Adults with Down Syndrome scores by sex, but males showed lower modified cued recall test scores from age 45 compared with females. AT(N) biomarkers were comparable in males and females. When considering apolipoprotein ɛ4, female ɛ4 carriers showed a 3-year earlier age at diagnosis compared with female non-carriers (50.5 versus 53.2 years,
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.