Evidence mapPaperPMID 37056543Full record

ReviewCureus2023

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Asthma: Pathomechanisms of Their Association and Clinical Implications.

Pulkita Uppal, Shaza A Mohammed, Shriya Rajashekar, Suganya Giri Ravindran, Meghana Kakarla, Musa Ausaja Gambo, Mustafa Yousri Salama, Nathalie Haidar Ismail, Pardis Tavalla, Pousette Hamid

Open access · diamondAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cureus, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.8field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Diabetes-inducing effects of bronchial asthma.World journal of diabetes · 2025
    Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Risk Factors for Acute Asthma Exacerbations in Adults With Mild Asthma.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2024
    Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Pulkita UppalInternal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.
Shaza A MohammedInternal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.
Shriya RajashekarInternal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.
Suganya Giri RavindranInternal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.
Meghana KakarlaInternal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.
Musa Ausaja GamboInternal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.
Mustafa Yousri SalamaInternal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.
Nathalie Haidar IsmailResearch, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.
Pardis TavallaInternal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.
Pousette HamidNeurology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.
California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology (United States) · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and asthma are chronic illnesses concomitantly present in a significant percentage of the population. Their comorbidity is associated with poor disease control and lower quality of life, thus imposing a substantial medical and economic burden worldwide. This review investigates the association between asthma and T2DM, in terms of pathogenesis, clinical outcomes, and therapeutic opportunities. Our review found an increased risk of asthma among diabetics, and vice versa. Having diabetes and poor glycemic control is associated with an increased rate of asthma exacerbations and increased mortality among those hospitalized for asthma exacerbations. The mechanisms postulated for the diabetes-asthma association include chronic low-grade inflammation, obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and possibly diabetic pneumopathy. Usage of metformin, which is the first-line drug for type 2 diabetes, was found to be associated with a decreased asthma occurrence, asthma exacerbations, and asthma-related hospitalizations. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists were also found to be associated with a lower occurrence of asthma exacerbations. Thiazolidinediones are also associated with lower rates of asthma exacerbations, but their clinical efficacy for the same was suggested to be limited. This literature review supports a partly causative association between asthma and diabetes. This comorbidity leads to poor patient compliance, worse disease outcomes, and poor quality of life. Thus, further studies are warranted to explore the prognostic implications, therapeutic opportunities, and specific clinical practice algorithms for patients with concurrent asthma and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Indexed as

asthmaasthma exacerbationdiabetesdiabetes mellitus type 2glycemic control

Identifiers

PMID37056543
PMCPMC10089620
OpenAlexW4323976622

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.