ReviewCureus2023
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Asthma: Pathomechanisms of Their Association and Clinical Implications.
Review in Cureus, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metformin use & asthma outcomes in patients with concurrent diabetes & bronchial asthma: A systematic review & meta-analysis.The Indian journal of medical research · 2025 · on this mapPooled it
- Evaluating the role of youth-onset diabetes mellitus in the context of food insecurity and preventive care: a repeated cross-sectional study using propensity score weighted machine learning analysis.BMJ paediatrics open · 2026Article
- The relationship between asthma and glioma: a case-control study in a universal access healthcare system.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Article
- Cardiorespiratory and Glycaemic Changes Following Prehospital Nebulised Salbutamol in Acute Asthma: A Mixed Retrospective and Prospective Observational Study.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2026Article
- Antidiabetic drug and chronic respiratory disease in type 2 diabetes: a network meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization analysis.Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Review
- Global, regional and national burden of asthma attributable to metabolic diseases from 1990 to 2021 and projected trends to 2040.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Racial disparities in diabetes care and outcomes for people with visual impairment: a descriptive analysis of the TriNetX research network.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The SGLT2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin Mitigates the Harmful Effects of Methylglyoxal Exposure on Ovalbumin-Induced Mouse Airway Inflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Association between asthma and type 2 diabetes in a Swedish adult population: a register-based cross-sectional study.Thorax · 2025Article
- Diabetes-inducing effects of bronchial asthma.World journal of diabetes · 2025Article
- Advances in the treatment of glioma-related signaling pathways and mechanisms by metformin.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Corticosteroid insensitivity in obese asthma: potential mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in allergy · 2025Review
- Leukotriene B4 is elevated in diabetes and promotes ventricular arrhythmogenesis in guinea pig.Journal of cellular physiology · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Obesity and Its Associated Comorbidities in Adults with Asthma: A Single-Center Study in Saudi Arabia.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Risk Factors for Acute Asthma Exacerbations in Adults With Mild Asthma.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2024Article
- Asthma and Hyperglycemia: Exploring the Interconnected Pathways.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Asthma and hypertension: the role of airway inflammation.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory bioactive hits fromFrontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Factors Affecting Usage of a Digital Asthma Monitoring Application by Old-Age Asthmatics Living in Inner Central Portugal.Clinical interventions in aging · 2024Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and asthma are chronic illnesses concomitantly present in a significant percentage of the population. Their comorbidity is associated with poor disease control and lower quality of life, thus imposing a substantial medical and economic burden worldwide. This review investigates the association between asthma and T2DM, in terms of pathogenesis, clinical outcomes, and therapeutic opportunities. Our review found an increased risk of asthma among diabetics, and vice versa. Having diabetes and poor glycemic control is associated with an increased rate of asthma exacerbations and increased mortality among those hospitalized for asthma exacerbations. The mechanisms postulated for the diabetes-asthma association include chronic low-grade inflammation, obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and possibly diabetic pneumopathy. Usage of metformin, which is the first-line drug for type 2 diabetes, was found to be associated with a decreased asthma occurrence, asthma exacerbations, and asthma-related hospitalizations. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists were also found to be associated with a lower occurrence of asthma exacerbations. Thiazolidinediones are also associated with lower rates of asthma exacerbations, but their clinical efficacy for the same was suggested to be limited. This literature review supports a partly causative association between asthma and diabetes. This comorbidity leads to poor patient compliance, worse disease outcomes, and poor quality of life. Thus, further studies are warranted to explore the prognostic implications, therapeutic opportunities, and specific clinical practice algorithms for patients with concurrent asthma and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.