Trial reportEuropean journal of nutrition2023
Effects of intake of four types of snack with different timings on postprandial glucose levels after dinner.
Trial report in European journal of nutrition, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Examining the Influence of Glycemic Management During Sleep on Sleep-Related Bruxism: A Pilot Study.Journal of oral rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Acute and Second-Meal Effects of Oat Products on Postprandial Glucose Responses in Healthy Japanese Adults: A Randomized Crossover Pilot Study.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Postprandial Glucose Response in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients and Possible Antioxidant Properties of a Plant-Based Snack Bar.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeIt has been reported that the consumption of fruit granola (FG), mulberry leaves, and barley cookies as an afternoon snack suppresses the postprandial increase in glucose levels at dinner. However, there have been no reports on the second-meal effect of snacking on popular snacks, such as potato chips (PC), roasted sweet potato (SP), and black beans (BB), or on the interval between snacking and dinner.
methodThe present study was an open-label randomized crossover trial of five study groups (PC, SP, BB, FG, and no snack) regarding the second-meal effects with different intervals between snacks and dinner. The subjects consumed prescribed meals for lunch and dinner at 12:00 and 19:00, and a snack fixed at 838 kJ (= 200 kcal) at 15:00 or 17:00.
resultsWhen the participants snacked at 15:00, the postprandial glucose elevation at dinner was suppressed in the FG and SP groups, and the area under the curve (AUC) was also low. When they snacked at 17:00, the postprandial glucose elevation was suppressed in all the groups. The AUCs for PC, FG, and SP were lower than those for no snacking. On the other hand, carbohydrate intake increased with snacking, but the total AUC of snacks and dinner did not differ in any of the groups. The duration of hyperglycemia decreased with snack intake, as did the glucose amplitude.
conclusionWe believe that the intake of carbohydrates and soluble fiber in snacks is an important factor in the second-meal effect at dinner. These results will contribute to the development of snacking and research into the second-meal effect.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.