SynthesisInfectious diseases of poverty2023
Increased interleukin-6 is associated with long COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Infectious diseases of poverty, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 147 citations in OpenAlex.
- Muscle Abnormalities in Nonhospitalised Patients With Post-COVID-19 Condition.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Trial
- Acute estradiol and progesterone therapy in hospitalized adults to reduce COVID-19 severity: a randomized control trial.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Treatment with Sulodexide Downregulates Biomarkers for Endothelial Dysfunction in Convalescent COVID-19 Patients.Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/HemostasisTrial
- High-Dose Intravenous Vitamin C in Critical Illness: A Translational Exposure-Response Framework for Biomarker-Guided Precision Therapy.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Metformin and Severe Post-COVID-19 Outcomes Among Individuals with Diabetes Mellitus.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Choroid plexus alterations in long COVID and their associations with IL-6.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Clinical and Immunovirological Characteristics Associated with Cardiovascular Dysautonomia in Long COVID.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- When Viruses Talk through Extracellular Vesicles: a New Perspective on Sars-Cov-2-Induced Neurodegeneration.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Differential association of fluticasone furoate and budesonide with clinically detected COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study.BMJ open respiratory research · 2026Article
- Accelerating Evidence Synthesis: A BERT-Assisted Workflow for Meta-Analyses of Radiotherapy Complications in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.Reports (MDPI) · 2026Article
- Inflammatory, clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with depressive disorder during pregnancy in Brazilian women.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- IL-6 Receptor Antagonists and Severe Post-COVID-19 Outcomes: An Emulated Target Trial.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Interpretable machine learning for predicting low-dose methylprednisolone effectiveness in long COVID.iScience · 2026Article
- Longitudinal modeling of Post-COVID-19 condition over three years: A machine learning approach using clinical, neuropsychological, and fluid markers.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Diagnostic and immunological roles of leptin gene rs7799039 polymorphism and cytokines in COVID-19, HCV, and dual infection.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Association ofDiseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular burden of long coronavirus disease: Clinical challenges and emerging biomarkers.World journal of cardiology · 2026Review
- Obesity and Long COVID: intersecting epidemics?BMC public health · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the cardiopulmonary effects of repurposed COVID-19 therapeutics in healthy rats.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Dysregulated NK-cell gene expression defines the enduring symptoms of long COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can involve persistence, sequelae, and other clinical complications that last weeks to months to evolve into long COVID-19. Exploratory studies have suggested that interleukin-6 (IL-6) is related to COVID-19; however, the correlation between IL-6 and long COVID-19 is unknown. We designed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the relationship between IL-6 levels and long COVID-19.
methodsDatabases were systematically searched for articles with data on long COVID-19 and IL-6 levels published before September 2022. A total of 22 published studies were eligible for inclusion following the PRISMA guidelines. Analysis of data was undertaken by using Cochran's Q test and the Higgins I-squared (I
resultsAn increase in IL-6 levels was observed after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The pooled estimate of IL-6 revealed a mean value of 20.92 pg/ml (95% CI = 9.30-32.54 pg/ml, I
conclusionsThis study showed that increased IL-6 correlates with long COVID-19. Such an informative revelation suggests IL-6 as a basic determinant to predict long COVID-19 or at least inform on the "early stage" of long COVID-19.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.