ArticleJournal of diabetes research2023
Association of Obesity Indices with Diabetic Kidney Disease and Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes: A Real-World Study.
Article in Journal of diabetes research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Muscle Health in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2026Pooled it
- Risk factors for diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus in Asia: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Waist to height ratio as a simple tool for predicting mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2023Pooled it
- Association of BMI Change with New-Onset or Progressive Diabetic Kidney Disease in People with Normal-Weight Type 2 Diabetes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Nonlinear relationship between serum ferritin and diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: mediating role of neutrophil-to-albumin ratio.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Sex-Specific Predictive Value of Obesity-Related Indicators for Diabetic Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Article
- Association between a diabetes-predictive index and diabetes-related kidney disease in U.S. adults: A cross-sectional study.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- The Contribution of Genetic Risk and Lifestyle Factors in the Progression of Diabetes to Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study.Journal of diabetes · 2025Article
- Association between morphological and mechanical properties of lower limb muscles and metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetes.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Relationship Between Body Roundness Index and Diabetic Kidney Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-Based Study.Journal of diabetes research · 2025Article
- Severity of diabetic retinopathy severity with renal function and body fat in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A hospital-based cross-sectional study in India.Bioinformation · 2025Article
- Association between weight-adjusted waist circumference index and risk of cognitive decline in Chinese hypertensive patients: a case-control study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a model that predicts the risk of diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a retrospective study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Article
- Elevated Fasting C-Peptide Levels Correlate with Increased 10-Year Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Patients.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2025Article
- The relationship between weight-adjusted-waist index, body mass index and diabetic retinopathy among American adults: a population-based analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Construction of a Nomogram-Based Prediction Model for the Risk of Diabetic Kidney Disease in T2DM.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Diabetic microvascular complications mainly include diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Obesity was recognized as a risk factor for DKD, while the reported relationship between obesity and DR was inconsistent. Moreover, whether the associations can be attributed to C-peptide levels is unknown. Methods: Data from 1142 sequential inpatients with T2DM at Xiangyang Central Hospital between June 2019 and March 2022 were extracted retrospectively from the electronic medical record system. The associations between four obesity indices (body mass index (BMI), waist-hip circumference ratio (WHR), visceral fat tissue area (VFA), and subcutaneous fat tissue area (SFA)) and DKD and DR were evaluated. Whether the associations can be attributed to C-peptide levels was also explored. Results: Obesity was a risk factor for DKD after adjusting for sex, HbA1c, TG, TC, HDL, LDL, smoking history, education, duration of diabetes, and insulin use (obesity indices: BMI (OR 1.050: 95% CI: 1.008-1.094; Conclusions: Obesity was a risk factor for DKD, and the effect may be attributable to C-peptide, which represents insulin resistance. The protective effect of obesity or C-peptide on DR was not independent and could be confounded by multiple factors. Higher C2/C0 was associated with both decreased DKD and DR.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.