ReviewMicroorganisms2023
Infection Induced Fetal Inflammatory Response Syndrome (FIRS): State-of- the-Art and Medico-Legal Implications-A Narrative Review.
Review in Microorganisms, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mincle Receptor Deficiency Protects Against LPS-induced Preterm Birth and Fetal Inflammatory Response Syndrome.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2026Article
- Histopathological placental inflammation and umbilical cord blood inflammatory biomarkers in preterm infants: a prospective cohort study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Chorioamnionitis and Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality in Extremely Preterm Infants Born at 23-28 Weeks: A Single-Centre Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Rethinking Neonatal Vaccination Policies: A Neuroimmune Perspective.Iranian journal of medical sciences · 2026Review
- Maternal prothrombin time as an independent predictor of neonatal sepsis: A retrospective case-control study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Association between pathological stages and grades of chorioamnionitis and neonatal myocardial injury: a nested case-control study within a retrospective cohort.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Predicting Neonatal Morbidity and Correlations with Maternal and Neonatal Biomarkers in Connection with Fetal Inflammatory Response Syndrome in Premature Births.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Association of maternal infections, antibiotic use, and cesarean delivery with the risk of early-onset sepsis: a nationwide population-based study in full-term neonates.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Infection-Related Preterm Birth.Maternal-fetal medicine (Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.) · 2025Review
- Infective Endocarditis During Pregnancy: Challenges and Future Directions.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Thromboinflammation, and Septic Shock in Fetuses and Neonates.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Maternal Infections, Antibiotics, Steroid Use, and Diabetes Mellitus Increase Risk of Early-Onset Sepsis in Preterm Neonates: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Effect of Cytokine Concentrations on Long-term Neurological Outcomes in Fetal Pleural Effusion Managed with Thoracoamniotic Shunt.JMA journal · 2025Article
- Management of intracardiac thrombosis in newborns: a case series and a narrative review of the literature.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Predictive Value of Inflammatory Markers NLR, PLR, APRI, SII, and Liver Function Tests in Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Detection in Full-Term Newborns.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) represents the fetal inflammatory reaction to intrauterine infection or injury, potentially leading to multiorgan impairment, neonatal mortality, and morbidity. Infections induce FIRS after chorioamnionitis (CA), defined as acute maternal inflammatory response to amniotic fluid infection, acute funisitis and chorionic vasculitis. FIRS involves many molecules, i.e., cytokines and/or chemokines, able to directly or indirectly damage fetal organs. Therefore, due to FIRS being a condition with a complex etiopathogenesis and multiple organ dysfunction, especially brain injury, medical liability is frequently claimed. In medical malpractice, reconstruction of the pathological pathways is paramount. However, in cases of FIRS, ideal medical conduct is hard to delineate, due to uncertainty in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of this highly complex condition. This narrative review revises the current knowledge of FIRS caused by infections, maternal and neonatal diagnosis and treatments, the main consequences of the disease and their prognoses, and discusses the medico-legal implications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.