ReviewArchives of virology2023
B lymphocytes in COVID-19: a tale of harmony and discordance.
Review in Archives of virology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed.
- SARS-CoV-2 Chronic Intervillositis: Variations of Maternal Antiviral Response.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Article
- Differential functional immune recall across homologous and heterologous COVID-19 vaccination regimens.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Immune cell interactions and lung damage in SARS-CoV-2 special attention on monocytes/macrophages, T and B lymphocytes, dendritic cells and Toll-like receptors in SARS-CoV-2.American journal of clinical and experimental immunology · 2026Review
- IL-2 and IL-7 Contribution to Immune Response: Effects of Vaccination Against COVID-19 in Adults.Viruses · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children: Revisiting Host-Virus Interactions Through Post-Infection Immune Profiling.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Trajectories of Physical Disabilities Over 6 Months in Patients With Long COVID.Physical therapy · 2025Article
- Kidney Involvement in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Peritoneal Dialysis as the Preferred Modality.Vaccines · 2025Review
- B Cell Dynamics and Transitional B Cells in Long COVID.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Complex causal relationships between genetic predictions of 731 immune cell phenotypes and novel coronavirus: A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2025Article
- PD-1 induces autophagy via the PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 pathway to promote infectious bursal disease virus replication.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Humoral response against COVID-19 in the population of western region of Poland.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- The effect of COVID-19 and sex differences on natural killer cell cytotoxicity.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Baseline predictors for 28-day COVID-19 severity and mortality among hospitalized patients: results from the IMPACC study.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Mitochondrial dysfunction in acute and post-acute phases of COVID-19 and risk of non-communicable diseases.npj metabolic health and disease · 2024Review
- Association of COVID-19 with thyroid dysfunction and autoimmune thyroid disease: A retrospective cohort study.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2024Article
- Phenotypic Timeline Kinetics, Integrative Networks, and Performance of T- and B-Cell Subsets Associated with Distinct Clinical Outcome of Severe COVID-19 Patients.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- The Challenge of Misleading Information: Does the Interaction between Zinc and Vitamin D Influence the Immune Response against SARS-CoV-2 in the Elderly Population?Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- T Cell Peptide Prediction, Immune Response, and Host-Pathogen Relationship in Vaccinated and Recovered from Mild COVID-19 Subjects.Biomolecules · 2024Article
- COVID-19: from immune response to clinical intervention.Precision clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Immune Response after Anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination in Relation to Cellular Immunity, Vitamin D and Comorbidities in Hemodialysis Patients.Microorganisms · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
B lymphocytes play a vital role in the human defense against viral infections by producing specific antibodies. They are also critical for the prevention of infectious diseases by vaccination, and their activation influences the efficacy of the vaccination. Since the beginning of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which became the main concern of the world health system, many efforts have been made to treat and prevent the disease. However, for the development of successful therapeutics and vaccines, it is necessary to understand the interplay between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, and the immune system. The innate immune system provides primary and nonspecific defense against the virus, but within several days after infection, a virus-specific immune response is provided first by antibody-producing B cells, which are converted after the resolution of disease to memory B cells, which provide long-term immunity. Although a failure in B cell activation or B cell dysfunction can cause a severe form of the disease and also lead to vaccination inefficiency, some individuals with B cell immunodeficiency have shown less production of the cytokine IL-6, resulting in a better disease outcome. In this review, we present the latest findings on the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and B lymphocytes during COVID-19 infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.