ArticleAdvances in therapy2023
Use of Flash Glucose Monitoring and Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Not Treated with an Intensive Insulin Regimen: 1-Year Real-Life Retrospective Cohort Study.
Article in Advances in therapy, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Continuous glucose monitoring in noninsulin-treated type 2 diabetes: A critical review of reported trials with an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Pooled it
- Use of continuous glucose monitoring in non-intensively managed type 2 diabetes: a Saudi Arabian consensus.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Guideline
- Flash Glucose Monitoring System Enhances Glycemic Control and Metabolic Health in People with Type 2 Diabetes on GLP-1RA-Based Therapy: Real-World Evidence.Advances in therapy · 2026Article
- Diabetes Technology in Saudi Arabia: Current Status and Future Directions.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2025Review
- 7. Diabetes Technology: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2025.Diabetes care · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionEstimation of laboratory-derived glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) cannot be individually used to monitor clinically significant trends in glucose variability. Hence, clinicians advise use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices such as the Freestyle Libre™ flash glucose monitoring system (FLASH) to optimize glycemic control by estimating glucose monitoring index (GMI) values, which convert mean glucose into an estimate of simultaneously measured laboratory HbA1c. This study aimed to investigate the sustainability of intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) not on intensive insulin regimen, and correlations between GMI values obtained from isCGM and laboratory-derived HbA1c values.
methodsA retrospective review of 93 patients with T2DM not on intensive insulin regimen, using FLASH device, was conducted at a major tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia, over 1 year of continuous device use. To determine the sustainability of isCGM, various glycemic markers such as average glucose and time in range were evaluated. Paired t test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to assess differences in markers of glycemic control, and Pearson's correlation was used to determine correlations between HbA1c and GMI values.
resultsDescriptive analysis shows the mean HbA1c value significantly decreased following continued use of isCGM. Pre-isCGM mean HbA1c value of 8.3% improved to 8.1% (p < 0.001) and 7.9% (p < 0.001) in the first 90 and last 90 days of device use, respectively. For both 90-day time periods, correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant positive correlation and linear regression between laboratory-derived HbA1c and GMI values (first 90 days r = 0.7999, p < 0.001; last 90 days r = 0.6651, p < 0.001).
conclusionContinuous use of isCGM demonstrated reductions in HbA1c levels for patients with T2DM not on an intensive insulin regimen. The GMI values showed high levels of agreement with measured HbA1c, indicating their accuracy in glucose management.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.