ArticleScientific reports2023
Putative role of HLA polymorphism among a Brazilian HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) population.
Article in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of human leukocyte antigen in HTLV-1 infection and progression to ATLL and HAM/TSP: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Virology journal · 2025Pooled it
- Mechanistic role of quercetin as inhibitor for adenosine deaminase enzyme in rheumatoid arthritis: systematic review.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2024Pooled it
- Safety and efficacy of teriflunomide on clinical course, and laboratory findings in patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis: a triple-blind study.Journal of neurology · 2025Trial
- Epidemiology and Clinical Outcomes of HTLV-1: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of Endemic and Nonendemic Regions.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2026Review
- Untangling the causes of geographical disparities in the clinical outcome of HTLV-1 infection: a critical perspective on the contribution of viral genetic diversity.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- Differential modulation of IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, and IFN-γ production mediated by IgG from Human T-lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1) infected patients on healthy peripheral T (CD4+, CD8+, and γδ) and B cells.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Around ten million people are infected with HTLV-1 worldwide, and 1-4% develop HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), characterized by an important degeneration of the spinal cord, which can lead to death. Distinct HLA alleles have been associated with either HAM/TSP susceptibility or protection. However, these HLA alleles set may change according to the population studied. Brazil is the second country in the number of HTLV-1-infected people and there are few reports addressing the HLA influence on HTLV-1 infection as well as on disease outcome. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of HLA alleles as a risk factor for HAM/TSP and the proviral load (PVL) levels, clinical progression, and death outcomes in an admixed Brazilian population. The HLA-A, -B, -C, and -DRB1 were genotyped in 375 unrelated HTLV-1-infected individuals divided into asymptomatic carriers (AC) (n = 165) and HAM/TSP (n = 210) in a longitudinal cohort from 8 to 22 years of follow-up. Because locus B deviated from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium for the study groups, the results represented for HLA-B alleles were inconclusive. The alleles HLA-A*68 and -C*07 were related to HAM/TSP risk in multivariate analysis. The alleles HLA-A*33, and -A*36 were associated with protection against disease progression in HAM/TSP patients, while -C*12, -C*14, and -DRB1*08 were associated with increased risk of death. In the AC group, the presence of, -C*06 and -DRB1*15 alleles influenced an increased PVL, in an adjusted linear regression model, while -A*30, -A*34, -C*06, -C*17 and -DRB1*09 alleles were associated with increased PVL in HAM/TSP group compared to HAM/TSP individuals not carrying these alleles. All these alleles were also related to increased PVL associated with clinical progression outcome. Increased PVL associated with the death outcome was linked to the presence of HLA-A*30. PVL has been associated with HLA, and several alleles were related in AC and HAM/TSP patients with or without interacting with clinical progression outcomes. Understanding the prognostic value of HLA in HAM/TSP pathogenesis can provide important biomarkers tools to improve clinical management and contribute to the discovery of new therapeutic interventions.
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