ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
Functions of Astrocytes under Normal Conditions and after a Brain Disease.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cross-link Between CircRNAs and Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Future directions in the treatment of brain metastases: evaluating the role of cellular players in the tumour microenvironment.Acta neuropathologica · 2026Review
- Extracellular Matrix-Derived Matrikines: Circulating Peptides as Candidate Mediators of Lung-to-Brain Signaling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Pathological Roles of Astrocytes in Traumatic Brain Injury.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Review
- Vascular contribution to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID): proceedings of 2025 workshop of the Jackson Laboratory.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2026Article
- The Significant Antioxidant Effect Exerted by Pomegranate (Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Combined Manganese-Iron Exposure Reduced Oxidative Stress is Associated with the NRF2/NQO1 Pathway in Astrocytic C8-D1A Cells.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Interconnected roles of astrocytes and the blood-brain barrier in Parkinson's disease: pathological evidence, mechanistic insights, and knowledge gaps.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- Ozone-induced Neurotoxicity: Mechanistic Insights and Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases.Current medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Extracellular RNAs as Messengers and Early Biomarkers in Neurodegeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Is the Era of One-Size-Fits-All Alzheimer's Treatment Officially Over?Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2025Review
- Astrocyte Reprogramming Drives Tumor Progression and Chemotherapy Resistance in Agent-Based Models of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases.Bulletin of mathematical biology · 2025Article
- Transcription Factor-Based Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells: Overcoming the Traps of Random Neuronal Fate.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Role of astrocytes in diabetic neuropathy: Review of their involvement in disease mechanisms.World journal of diabetes · 2025Review
- Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Cerebellum, Genes, and Pathways.Neurology international · 2025Review
- Role of astrocytes in the pathogenesis of perinatal brain injury.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Review
- Influence of Monosodium Glutamate on Astroglia of Rat Habenula.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- The Therapeutic Potential of Butyrate and Lauric Acid in Modulating Glial and Neuronal Activity in Alzheimer's Disease.Nutrients · 2025Review
- A divergent astrocytic response to stress alters activity patterns via distinct mechanisms in male and female mice.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Neuroinflammation: Mechanisms, Dual Roles, and Therapeutic Strategies in Neurological Disorders.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the central nervous system (CNS) there are a greater number of glial cells than neurons (between five and ten times more). Furthermore, they have a greater number of functions (more than eight functions). Glia comprises different types of cells, those of neural origin (astrocytes, radial glia, and oligodendroglia) and differentiated blood monocytes (microglia). During ontogeny, neurons develop earlier (at fetal day 15 in the rat) and astrocytes develop later (at fetal day 21 in the rat), which could indicate their important and crucial role in the CNS. Analysis of the phylogeny reveals that reptiles have a lower number of astrocytes compared to neurons and in humans this is reversed, as there have a greater number of astrocytes compared to neurons. These data perhaps imply that astrocytes are important and special cells, involved in many vital functions, including memory, and learning processes. In addition, astrocytes are involved in different mechanisms that protect the CNS through the production of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory proteins and they clean the extracellular environment and help neurons to communicate correctly with each other. The production of inflammatory mediators is important to prevent changes in brain homeostasis. On the contrary, excessive, or continued production appears as a characteristic element in many diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS), and in neurodevelopmental diseases, such as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and autism. Furthermore, different drugs and techniques have been developed to reverse oxidative stress and/or excess of inflammation that occurs in many CNS diseases, but much remains to be investigated. This review attempts to highlight the functional relevance of astrocytes in normal and neuropathological conditions by showing the molecular and cellular mechanisms of their role in the CNS.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.